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This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effects of an eight-week functional training program on physical performance parameters in adolescent table tennis players. Functional training involves multi-joint and multi-plane exercises designed to improve movement quality, strength, balance, and coordination.
Thirty adolescent table tennis players will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: Functional Training, Conventional Training, or Control (routine training). The Functional Training group will perform a structured functional exercise program in addition to regular table tennis training, while the Conventional Training group will continue standard training routines. The Control group will maintain regular practice only.
Physical performance variables including flexibility, agility, speed, vertical jump performance, functional movement patterns, and balance will be assessed before, during, and after the intervention period.
This study is designed as a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of an eight-week functional training program on physical performance in adolescent table tennis players. Functional training focuses on multi-joint, multi-planar exercises aimed at improving movement efficiency, balance, strength, and neuromuscular coordination.
Thirty adolescent table tennis players aged 12-16 years with at least three years of training experience will be recruited and randomly allocated to one of three groups: Functional Training, Conventional Training, or Control. The Functional Training group will perform a structured exercise program consisting of dynamic, whole-body movements designed to enhance agility, balance, speed, and movement quality. Training sessions will be conducted three times per week for eight weeks in addition to regular table tennis practice.
The Conventional Training group will continue standard technical and tactical training without additional functional exercises. The Control group will maintain routine training only.
Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. Assessments will include flexibility, agility, sprint speed, vertical jump performance, Functional Movement Screen scores, and static and dynamic balance measures. Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional Training Group | Experimental | Eight-week functional training program focusing on flexibility, agility, speed, balance, and movement quality. Training is performed three times per week alongside regular table tennis practice. |
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| Conventional Training Group | Active Comparator | Participants perform conventional table tennis training for eight weeks following standard club routines. |
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| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants continue their usual routine table tennis training without any additional intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional Training | Behavioral | Eight-week functional training program focusing on flexibility, agility, speed, balance, and movement quality. Training is performed three times per week alongside regular table tennis practice. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Physical Performance Score | Overall physical performance will be assessed using a battery of standardized physical performance tests including flexibility, agility, speed, vertical jump height, balance, and Functional Movement Screen (FMS). Flexibility: Sit-and-Reach Test (cm; higher values indicate better flexibility) Agility: T-test (seconds; lower values indicate better performance) Speed: 10-meter sprint test (seconds; lower values indicate better performance) Vertical Jump: Countermovement jump height (cm; higher values indicate better performance) Balance: Static and dynamic balance tests (test-specific scoring; higher scores indicate better balance) Functional Movement Screen (FMS): Composite score ranging from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating better movement quality | Baseline (pre-test), mid-intervention (week 4), and post-intervention (week 8) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Flexibility (Sit-and-Reach Test) | Flexibility will be assessed using a sit-and-reach test that measures the flexibility of the hamstring and lower back muscles. Measurement: Sit-and-reach Test Unit: centimeters (cm) Range: Typically 0-50 cm Direction: Higher scores indicate better flexibility | Baseline (pre-test), mid-intervention (week 4), and post-intervention (week 8) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alirıza Han Civan, Dr | Karabük Üniversitesi Hasan Doğan Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümü | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karabük University | Karabük | Merkez | 78000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual patient data will not be shared in this study. Study data were analyzed solely by the research team and will not be shared with third parties to protect participant confidentiality.
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Oct 14, 2024 | Jan 26, 2026 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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This study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of functional training on physical performance in adolescent table tennis players. Participants are randomly allocated to one of three groups: Functional Training, Conventional Training, or Control. Measurements are taken at pre-test, mid-test, and post-test timepoints.
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No masking was applied in this study. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were aware of group assignments.
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| Conventional Training | Behavioral | Standard table tennis training performed three times per week for eight weeks without additional functional exercises. |
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