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This study aims to investigate the effects of two different Tabata-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) modalities on neuromuscular and physiological performance in competitive table tennis players. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a calisthenic/plyometric HIIT group or a kettlebell-based HIIT group. Both groups will perform their respective training protocols in addition to regular table tennis training for eight weeks. Physical performance and physiological variables will be assessed before and after the intervention.
This study is designed as a randomized parallel-group interventional trial to examine the effects of two different Tabata-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) modalities on neuromuscular and physiological parameters in competitive table tennis players.
Twenty-four male athletes aged between 18 and 24 years will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: a calisthenic/plyometric HIIT group or a kettlebell-based HIIT group. Both groups will continue their regular table tennis training and additionally perform their assigned HIIT protocol three times per week for a total duration of eight weeks.
The calisthenic/plyometric HIIT program consists of bodyweight and plyometric exercises performed in a Tabata format, while the kettlebell HIIT program consists of resistance-based exercises using kettlebells performed in the same interval structure. Each training session lasts approximately 20-30 minutes.
Outcome measures will be assessed before and after the intervention period and will include agility, flexibility, vertical jump performance, sprint performance, peak and average power output, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calisthenic/Plyometric HIIT Group | Experimental | Participants in this group perform a Tabata-based high-intensity interval training program focused on calisthenic and plyometric exercises, in addition to their regular table tennis training. Sessions are conducted three times per week for eight weeks. |
|
| Kettlebell HIIT Group | Experimental | Participants in this group perform a Tabata-based high-intensity interval training program focused on kettlebell exercises, in addition to their regular table tennis training. Sessions are conducted three times per week for eight weeks. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calisthenic/Plyometric HIIT | Behavioral | Participants perform a high-intensity Tabata protocol focusing on calisthenic and plyometric exercises designed to improve agility, flexibility, vertical jump performance, and neuromuscular function. Each session lasts 20-30 minutes, three times per week for eight weeks, in addition to regular table tennis training. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Agility Performance (seconds) | Agility will be assessed using a standardized T-test protocol to measure change-of-direction speed. | Pre-intervention and post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| Flexibility (cm) | A sitting and reaching test will be used to assess lower body flexibility. | Pre-intervention and post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Vertical Jump Height (cm) | Vertical jump performance will be measured using a countermovement jump test performed on a jump mat. | Pre-intervention and post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| Sprint Performance - 10 m (seconds) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alirıza Han Civan, Dr | Karabük Üniversitesi Hasan Doğan Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümü | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karabük University | Karabük | Merkez | 78000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42082994 | Derived | Uzun ME, Civan AH. Comparative effects of tabata-based HIIT modalities on physical performance in competitive table tennis players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 May 4;18(1):243. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01690-0. |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Jan 3, 2026 | Feb 4, 2026 | Prot_000.pdf |
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Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups to receive different Tabata-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) modalities alongside their regular table tennis training. Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention to evaluate neuromuscular and physiological adaptations.
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No masking was implemented; participants, trainers, and assessors were aware of group assignments.
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|
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| Kettlebell HIIT | Behavioral | Participants perform a high-intensity Tabata protocol focusing on kettlebell exercises designed to improve sprint performance, VO₂max, and overall physiological adaptations. Each session lasts 20-30 minutes, three times per week for eight weeks, in addition to regular table tennis training. |
|
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Sprint performance will be assessed over a distance of 10 meters using electronic timing gates.
| Pre-intervention and post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| Peak Power Output (Watts) | Peak power output will be measured using a standardized lower-body power assessment. | Pre-intervention and post-intervention (8 weeks) |
| Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max) (ml/kg/min) | Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) will be assessed using a graded exercise test performed on a treadmill or cycle ergometer. | Pre-intervention and post-intervention (8 weeks) |