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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| German Federal Ministry of Education and Research | OTHER_GOV |
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The aim of this study is to investigate the postprandial metabolic responses to plant-based protein ingredients of different degrees of processing (pea protein concentrate, isolate, and extrudate) and in comparison to whey protein in healthy adults. Therefore, young healthy subjects consume 4 test meals with 25 g of protein from pea protein concentrate, pea protein isolate, pea protein extrudate or whey protein in a randomized order. In a postprandial period of 6 hours, parameters of protein and glucose metabolism (i.a. plasma amino acids), gastric emptying and hunger/satiety are analysed. It is assumed that the plasma amino acid profile after plant protein ingestion differs depending on processing level of the protein ingredients and in comparison to whey protein.
In a randomized crossover-design, 20 healthy women and men consume 4 test meals containing either 25 g of protein from plant protein ingredients (pea protein concentrate, isolate, or extrudate) or whey protein together with 1 g paracetamol, which is used as a marker for gastric emptying.
During a postprandial period of 6 hours parameters of protein metabolism (e.g. amino acids in plasma and urine), glucose metabolism (plasma glucose, serum insulin) and gastric emptying rate (based on plasma paracetamol) are analysed. Furthermore, subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals are assed using visual analogue scales. Each intervention arm will be separated by a washout period of at least 7 days.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pea concentrate | Experimental | Participants randomized to receive a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein concentrate |
|
| Pea isolate | Experimental | Participants randomized to receive a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein isolate |
|
| Pea extrudate | Experimental | Participants randomized to receive a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein extrudate |
|
| Whey | Active Comparator | Participants randomized to receive a soup containing 25 g of protein from whey protein |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pea protein concentrate | Other | Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein concentrate |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Amino acid profile in blood | Analysis of amino acid profile in plasma (nmol/ml) | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Parameters of protein metabolism in blood I | Analysis of urea (mg/dL and mol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Parameters of protein metabolism in blood II |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sarah Egert, Prof PhD | Germany University of Bonn | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Bonn | Bonn | 53115 | Germany |
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| Pea protein isolate | Other | Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein isolate |
|
| Pea protein extrudate | Other | Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from pea protein extrudate |
|
| Whey protein | Other | Ingestion of a soup containing 25 g of protein from whey protein |
|
Analysis of nitrogen (mg/dL) in blood
| Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Parameters of glucose metabolism in blood I | Analysis of glucose (mg/dL and mmol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Parameters of glucose metabolism in blood II | Analysis of insulin (nmol/L and pmol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Gastric emptying rate | Analysis of gastric emptying rate based on paracetamol kinetics in blood (µg/mL) | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals | Assessment of subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals by validated visual analogue scale questionnaires (e.g., 0 = not hungry at all, 10 = very hungry) | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Uric acid in blood | Analysis of uric acid (mg/dL and mmol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Copper in blood | Analysis of copper (µg/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Zinc in blood | Analysis of zinc (µg/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Iron in blood | Analysis of iron (µg/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Selenium in blood | Analysis of selenium (µg/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 5 hours fasting (0) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes) |
| Amino acid profile in urine | Analysis of amino acids in urine (nmol/mL) | Postprandial period of 5 hours |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067816 | Whey Proteins |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008894 | Milk Proteins |
| D000080224 | Animal Proteins, Dietary |
| D004044 | Dietary Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D000067796 | Whey |
| D008892 | Milk |
| D003611 | Dairy Products |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
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