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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| German Federal Ministry of Education and Research | OTHER_GOV |
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The aim of this study is to investigate the postprandial metabolic responses to plant-based meat alternatives made from different protein ingredients (pea, wheat or soy protein) in comparison to chicken in healthy adults. Therefore, young healthy subjects consume 4 test meals with 40 g of protein from pea protein, wheat protein, soy protein or chicken in a randomized order. In a postprandial period of 6 hours, parameters of protein, glucose and lipid metabolism (i.a. plasma amino acids), gastric emptying and hunger/satiety are analysed. It is assumed that the plasma amino acid profile after plant protein ingestion differs depending on protein source and in comparison to chicken protein.
In a randomized crossover-design, 20 healthy women and men consume 4 test meals containing either 40 g of protein from plant-based meat alternatives (pea, wheat and soy protein extrudate) or chicken together with 1 g paracetamol, which is used as a marker for gastric emptying.
During a postprandial period of 6 hours parameters of protein metabolism (e.g. amino acids in plasma and urine), glucose metabolism (e.g. plasma glucose, serum insulin), lipid metabolism (serum triglycerides, total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, free fatty acids), serum uric acids, hunger- and satiety-associated gastrointestinal hormones (serum ghrelin, plasma GLP-1), and gastric emptying rate (based on plasma paracetamol) are analysed. Furthermore, subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals are assed using visual analogue scales. Each intervention arm will be separated by a washout period of at least 7 days.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pea protein | Experimental | Participants randomized to receive a meal containing 40 g of protein from pea protein extrudate |
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| Wheat protein | Experimental | Participants randomized to receive a meal containing 40 g of protein from wheat protein extrudate |
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| Soy protein | Experimental | Participants randomized to receive a meal containing 40 g of protein from soy protein extrudate |
|
| Chicken | Active Comparator | Participants randomized to receive a meal containing 40 g of protein from chicken meat |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pea protein | Other | Ingestion of a meal containing 40 g of protein from pea protein extrudate |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Amino acid profile in blood | Analysis of amino acid profile in plasma (nmol/ml) | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Amino acid profile in urine | Analysis of amino acids in urine (nmol/mL) | Postprandial period of 6 hours |
| Urea in blood | Analysis of urea (mg/dL) in blood |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sarah Egert, Prof PhD | University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology | Bonn | North Rhine-Westphalia | 53115 | Germany |
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| Wheat protein | Other | Ingestion of a meal containing 40 g of protein from wheat protein extrudate |
|
| Soy protein | Other | Ingestion of a meal containing 40 g of protein from soy protein extrudate |
|
| Chicken | Other | Ingestion of a meal containing 40 g of protein from chicken |
|
| Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Nitrogen in blood | Analysis of nitrogen (mg/dL) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Glucose in blood | Analysis of glucose (mmol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Insulin in blood | Analysis of insulin (pmol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| C-peptide in blood | Analysis C-peptide (pg/ml) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 360 minutes) |
| Glucagon in blood | Analysis of glucagon (pg/ml) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Uric acid in blood | Analysis of uric acid (mg/dL) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Calcium in blood | Analysis of calcium (mmol/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Iron in blood | Analysis of iron (µg/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Zinc in blood | Analysis of zinc (µg/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Selenium in blood | Analysis of selenium (µg/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Copper in blood | Analysis of copper (µg/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Triglycerides in blood | Analysis of triglycerides (mmol/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Total cholesterol in blood | Analysis of total cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| LDL cholesterol in blood | Analysis of LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| HDL cholesterol in blood | Analysis of HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Free fatty acids in blood | Analysis of free fatty acids (mmol/L) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Gastric emptying rate | Analysis of gastric emptying rate based on paracetamol kinetics in blood (µg/mL) | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| Ghrelin in blood | Analysis of ghrelin (pg/mL) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes) |
| GLP-1 in blood | Analysis of GLP-1 (pg/ml) in blood | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 360 minutes) |
| Hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals | Assessment of subjective hunger/satiety and acceptance of the meals by validated visual analogue scale questionnaires (paper-pencil) | Postprandial period of 6 hours (Time points: fasting (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes) |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000078724 | Pea Proteins |
| D030262 | Soybean Proteins |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014674 | Plant Proteins, Dietary |
| D004044 | Dietary Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D010940 | Plant Proteins |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
| D045730 | Soy Foods |
| D000067075 | Vegetable Products |
| D014675 | Vegetables |
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