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It was demonstrated that acute dietary supplementation with GSE reduced arterial blood pressure via reduction in Q in obese individuals. However, no studies have investigated the chronic effects of dietary GSE supplementation on hemodynamic responses during exercise. Given the fact that obesity is associated with an impaired function of eNOS, the effect of chronic dietary GSE supplementation on abnormal blood pressure response to exercise and aortic stiffness (AoS) needs be elucidated. Thus, it is hypothesized that GSE decreases systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), Q, and aortic stiffness at rest and during exercise. This study would determine that this supplementation may be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to prevent incident hypertension and cardiovascular events during exercise via enhanced endothelial function.
We investigated whether elevated blood pressure and aortic stiffness (AoS) characterized in obese and overweight males (N=10) are reduced following chronic GSE supplementation during exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), total vascular conductance (TVC), and AoS to two submaximal cycling exercises (40% and 60% VO2peak) were compared 7 days after ingestion of GSE or placebo (PL) within an one week washout period. Compared with PL, GSE supplementation significantly decreased MAP at rest, 40%, and 60% workloads. AoS was significantly reduced at rest. Q tended to be decreased, but there was no significant difference. GSE had no effect on HR, TVC, and SV. Our study indicates that chronic supplementation with GSE reduces arterial pressure at rest and during exercise primarily via the combined reduction of AoS and Q. Thus, GSE can be a dietary supplement to treat augmented blood pressure responses in obese and overweight males at rest and during exercise.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| GSE group | Experimental | Subjects took a single dose of 600 mg GSE in capsule form through ingestion 7 days |
|
| Placebo group | Placebo Comparator | Subjects took a single dose of 600 mg starch in capsule form through ingestion 7 days |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grape Seed Extract | Dietary Supplement | Subjects took a single dose of 600 mg GSE in capsule form through ingestion 2 hours prior to testing Dietary Supplement: Grape seed extract Two capsule grape seed extract (total 600 mg) per day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| change in heart rate at rest and during exercise | beats per minute | 7 day supplementation |
| change in stroke volume at rest and during exercise | volume per stroke | 7 day supplementation |
| change in cardiac output at rest and during exercise | total volume for one minute | 7 day supplementation |
| change in systolic blood pressure at rest and during exercise | pressure exerted during contraction | 7 day supplementation |
| change in diastolic blood pressure at rest and during exercise | pressure exerted during relaxation | 7 day supplementation |
| change in total vascular conductance at rest and during exercise | one reported value (cardiac output/mean arterial pressure) | 7 day supplementation |
| change in aortic stiffness at rest | Arbitrary unit | 7 day supplementation |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jong-Kyung Kim, Ph.D | California Baptist University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California Baptist University | Riverside | California | 92504 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33905304 | Derived | Dillon K, Shariffi B, Gillum T, Boyer W, Sullivan S, Kim JK. Effects of chronic dietary grape seed extract supplementation on aortic stiffness and hemodynamic responses in obese/overweight males during submaximal exercise. Eur J Sport Sci. 2022 Jul;22(7):1057-1064. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1923815. Epub 2021 May 20. |
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To determine the chronic effects of dietary grape seed extraction, all data collected at rest and during exercise will be shared with other researchers in the publication
All data will be available after publication
People can access the data based on the copyright of a journal after its publication.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D056604 | Grape Seed Extract |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010936 | Plant Extracts |
| D028321 | Plant Preparations |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
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| D004364 |
| Pharmaceutical Preparations |