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This study will determine the short-term postprandial effects of protein source at breakfast on energy metabolism, markers of metabolic health, appetite, and food intake and young and older men.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whey protein isolate | Experimental |
| |
| Pea protein isolate | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal protein | Dietary Supplement | The animal protein intervention is a smoothie containing 40 grams of whey protein isolate. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Energy expenditure | Energy expended per minute will be measured using indirect calorimetry. | Time frame is every 30 minutes for four hours following intervention. |
| Appetite | Appetite will be assessed using a traditional 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) (3) with opposing anchors (e.g., "extremely hungry" or "not hungry at all") at time points 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Questions consisted of: "how hungry do you feel at this moment", "how full do you feel at this moment", "how strong is your desire to eat this moment" and "how much food do you think you can eat at this moment." Participants were asked to place an "X" on the 100-mm VAS in the place that pertained to their perceived appetite feelings at each time point." Participants were asked to place an "X" on the 100-mm VAS in the place that pertained to their perceived appetite feelings at each time point. The averages for each time point are taken to represent the feeling of appetitive at a particular time point. | Time frame is every 30 minutes for four hours following intervention. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 24-hour food intake | Food intake following the intervention will be recorded using food records. | Food intake will be recorded for one day. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Appetite biomarkers | PYY, CCK and orexin will be measured. | Time frame is every 30 minutes for four hours following intervention. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jamie Baum | University of Arkansas, Fayetteville | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Arkansas | Fayetteville | Arkansas | 72704 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32072131 | Derived | Hawley AL, Gbur E, Tacinelli AM, Walker S, Murphy A, Burgess R, Baum JI. The Short-Term Effect of Whey Compared with Pea Protein on Appetite, Food Intake, and Energy Expenditure in Young and Older Men. Curr Dev Nutr. 2020 Jan 22;4(2):nzaa009. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa009. eCollection 2020 Feb. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010940 | Plant Proteins |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
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| Plant protein | Dietary Supplement | The animal protein intervention is a smoothie containing 40 grams of pea protein isolate. |
|