E-cigarettes, Nicotine Inhaler, and Blood Vessel Function

The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress

Randomized controlled trial of electronic cigarettes with nicotine, without nicotine, nicotine inhaler, and sham-control on endothelial function, oxidative stress and sympathetic nerve activity

Participants will have an acute exposure on 4 occasions1) e-cigarette with nicotine, 2) e-cigarette without nicotine, 3) nicotine inhaler, 4) sham control and undergo ECG recording for heart rate variability, endothelial function measurement using ultrasound ("FMD") and blood tests for oxidative stress markers.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cardiac disease
• Respiratory disease
• Diabetes mellitus