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Taste physiology describes five main taste qualities in humans: sweet, sour, salty, umami and bitter. The receptors found on the tongue are also found in the entire gut. The correlation of stimulation of these gut receptors and brain activity has not yet been examined. The objectives are to investigate the effect of different taste substances on i) regional brain activity and ii) satiation peptide release.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 200 mL tap water | Placebo Comparator | Single intragastric instillation of 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube |
|
| 2 g citric acid | Active Comparator | Single intragastric instillation of 2 g citric acid in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube |
|
| 2 g salt | Active Comparator | Single intragastric instillation of 2 g salt in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube |
|
| 0.017 g quinine | Active Comparator | Single intragastric instillation of 0.017 g quinine in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube |
|
| 1 g monosodium glutamate | Active Comparator | Single intragastric instillation of 1 g monosodium glutamate in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single intragastric instillation of 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube | Dietary Supplement |
| ||
| Single intragastric instillation of 2 g citric acid in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| regional brain activity assessed by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) | Changes in resting state functional connectivity | changes from baseline to one hour after treatment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| gastrointestinal satiation peptide secretion | Unit of Measure: glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in pg/mL, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in pg/mL and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in pg/mL | changes from baseline to one hour after treatment |
| glucose and insulin secretion |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Christoph Beglinger, MD | University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Hospital | Basel | CH-4031 | Switzerland |
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|
| 25 g glucose | Active Comparator | Single intragastric instillation of 25 g glucose in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube |
|
| Dietary Supplement |
|
| Single intragastric instillation of 2 g salt in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube | Dietary Supplement |
|
| Single intragastric instillation of 0.017 g quinine in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube | Dietary Supplement |
|
| Single intragastric instillation of 1 g monosodium glutamate in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube | Dietary Supplement |
|
| Single intragastric instillation of 25 g glucose in 200 mL tap water via nasogastric tube | Dietary Supplement |
|
Unit of Measure: glucose in mmol/L, insulin in μU/mL |
| changes from baseline to one hour after treatment |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005106 | Exploratory Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019343 | Citric Acid |
| D012492 | Salts |
| D011803 | Quinine |
| D012970 | Sodium Glutamate |
| D005947 | Glucose |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002951 | Citrates |
| D014233 | Tricarboxylic Acids |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D002930 | Cinchona Alkaloids |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011812 | Quinuclidines |
| D006572 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring |
| D011804 | Quinolines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D018698 | Glutamic Acid |
| D005971 | Glutamates |
| D024342 | Amino Acids, Acidic |
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D000600 | Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic |
| D006601 | Hexoses |
| D009005 | Monosaccharides |
| D000073893 | Sugars |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
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