The researchers are doing this study to learn more about factors that may increase the risk of lung cancer in people who have never smoked. This information may help predict which people who have never smoked may be more likely to get lung cancer.

Criteria:

• Female at birth

• Age 40-74 years

• No smoking history

  • Participants must be never-smokers, defined as having smoked <100 cigarettes in their lifetime

• Documentation of disease - case patients

  o Case patients must have pathologically confirmed primary lung adenocarcinoma. New and prevalent cases will be eligible. Case patients with a history of prior non-lung cancer will be eligible for the study unless actively being diagnosed or treated for another form of cancer at the time of enrollment.

• Criteria for control participants

  • Control participants must have no personal history of lung cancer, symptoms suspicious for lung cancer, or suspicious pulmonary nodules. Participants recruited as controls and found on imaging to have lesions suspicious for lung cancer will be excluded from analysis and followed prospectively. Data regarding these participants will be reported in a sensitivity analysis. Additional control participants will be recruited to ensure balanced age- and race-matched enrollment by frequency matching. Control participants with a history of prior non-lung cancer will be eligible for the study unless actively being diagnosed or treated for another form of cancer at the time of enrollment.

Female at birth

Case patients will be recruited from MSK Thoracic Surgery, Medical Oncology, and Radiation Oncology clinics. Case controls, frequency-matched for race (Asian, Black, Others, White) and age (40-49, 50-64, 65-74), will be recruited from among the 20,000 healthy women at average risk for whom screening mammography is performed annually at MSK and among women who present to the MSK Mobile Health Unit or Ralph Lauren Center for screening.

The study will also be open to interested community members who meet eligibility criteria, identified through MSK Direct, the MSK Mobile Health Unit, MSK-Medisys partnership and other community outreach, including a community-facing website.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center supports the international committee of medical journal editors (ICMJE) and the ethical obligation of responsible sharing of data from clinical trials. The protocol summary, a statistical summary, and informed consent form will be made available on clinicaltrials.gov when required as a condition of Federal awards, other agreements supporting the research and/or as otherwise required. Requests for deidentified individual participant data can be made beginning 12 months after publication and for up to 36 months post publication. Deidentified individual participant data reported in the manuscript will be shared under the terms of a Data Use Agreement and may only be used for approved proposals. Requests may be made to: crdatashare@mskcc.org.