The goal of this observational study is to improve the early detection of lung cancer in adults who have smoked less than 100 tobacco cigarettes ("never-smokers") in the United Kingdom. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• To describe characteristics such as demographics, co-morbidities and environmental exposures
• To describe participant pathways including presentation mode and symptoms to understand if earlier diagnosis would be possible
• To describe participant outcomes such as cancer stage, treatment and mortality
• To quantitatively or qualitatively measure modifiable and non-modifiable factors that may be associated with LCINS including environmental measures, blood tests and genomic data.

Participants will currently have no change to their usual care.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All adult participants from age of 18 who are diagnosed or treated with primary lung cancer through radiology or histology at any participating study site

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants who have ever smoked cigarettes or tobacco will be excluded; this is defined as:

  • More than 100 cigarettes or 75g tobacco in their lifetime
  • Those who have received a prescription for nicotine replacement therapy

• For prospective participants, those who cannot consent will be excluded

This study will aim to recruit participants who have been diagnosed or treated with primary lung cancer at any participating study site.

No individual participant data will be made available to non-study researchers (as per current ethics approval).