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Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a promising supplementary training tool in football, yet no study has simultaneously examined its effects on technical skills, training load, and mental fatigue within a randomized controlled design. This study evaluated the effects of an 8-week Rezzil Index® VR training program on football-specific technical skills, training load (sRPE), and mental fatigue in licensed male football players. Twenty-four male football players (age: 18.82±0.85 years) were randomly assigned to a VR training group (n=12) or a control group (n=12). The VR group completed two supplementary sessions per week using the Rezzil Index® application (HTC Vive Pro and Oculus Quest 2) in addition to regular team training. Football-specific technical skills, mental fatigue (Modified Color-Word Stroop Test), and training load (session RPE) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. The VR group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all technical skill measures (p<0.05; d=0.91-1.69, large effects). Rezzil Index® VR training is an effective complementary method for improving football-specific technical skills.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VR Training Group | Experimental | Participants completed Rezzil Index VR training twice weekly for 8 weeks in addition to regular team training. |
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| Control Group | Active Comparator | Participants continued regular team training only. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rezzil Index VR | Device | Immersive VR football training application (HTC Vive Pro and Oculus Quest 2), 2 sessions/week, 8 weeks |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Football-Specific Technical Skills (Heading, Moving Ball Striking, Fixed Ball Striking, Loughborough Soccer Passing Test) | Baseline and Week 8 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Training Load (Session Rating of Perceived Exertion - sRPE) | Internal training load quantified using session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE), calculated as RPE × session duration (minutes). | Weekly, 8 weeks |
| Mental Fatigue (Modified Color-Word Stroop Test) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Sport Sciences | Manisa | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005222 | Mental Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
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| Regular Team Training | Behavioral | Participants continued their standard club football training sessions as normal, with no additional VR-based or experimental intervention applied. |
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Mental fatigue assessed using the Modified Color-Word Stroop Test, measuring reaction time (ms) and error rate. Longer reaction times and higher error rates indicate greater mental fatigue. |
| Baseline and Week 8 |
| D001519 | Behavior |