Participants in this group received virtual reality (VR)-based training sessions using immersive applications such as Head Football, Rezzil Player, FitXR, and similar platforms. The training was performed after regular team practice and included structured exercise protocols designed to improve balance, strength, endurance, coordination, and cognitive-motor integration. Sessions were conducted using a VR headset in a controlled environment with defined work-rest intervals.

Participants in this group performed the same exercise content as the VR group under coach supervision without the use of virtual reality technology. The training focused on improving balance, strength, endurance, and coordination using conventional football training methods. Sessions were conducted after regular team practice with structured exercise sets and rest intervals similar to the VR group.

Participants in this group continued their regular football training program without receiving any additional experimental training or intervention. No VR-based or structured supplementary training was applied during the study period.

Virtual reality (VR)-based training was performed using immersive applications such as Head Football, Rezzil Player, FitXR, and similar platforms. Participants completed structured exercise sessions after regular team practice. The training focused on improving balance, strength, endurance, coordination, and cognitive-motor integration. Sessions were conducted using a VR headset with defined work-rest intervals and consisted of repeated exercise sets designed to simulate sport-specific movements in an immersive environment.

EEG was recorded using a 32-channel system (BrainAccess Extended+). Power spectral density was calculated using the Welch method, and absolute power values (µV²) were derived for theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (12-30 Hz) frequency bands. Analyses were performed by averaging electrodes in the anterior region.

Functional connectivity was assessed using coherence analysis between anterior and central brain regions. Coherence values were calculated for theta (4-8 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency bands using Welch-based methods.

Balance performance was assessed using the Togu Challenge Disc. Participants performed double-leg and single-leg balance tasks (dominant and non-dominant), and the best score based on the device's standardized scoring system (1-5 scale) was recorded.

Sprint performance was measured using a 30-meter sprint test with a photoelectric timing system. The best time (seconds) from two trials was recorded.

Muscle strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer. Maximum isometric knee extension force was measured for 5 seconds, and the highest value (kg) from repeated trials was recorded for the leg.

P300 latency (ms) was measured using ERP analysis during virtual reality training sessions. The P300 component was identified within the 300-600 ms time window.