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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | OTHER |
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In this study, which aimed to develop a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) protocol enriched with Virtual Reality (VR) to address the psychological responses that arise after ACL surgery, and to examine the effectiveness of this protocol. The effectiveness of the protocol was assessed using pre-test, post-test, and two follow-up measurements with the Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI), the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ), the Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ), and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport Scale (ACL-RSI). Anxiety levels during VR exposure sessions were measured through biofeedback and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS).
In this study, which aimed to develop a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) protocol enriched with Virtual Reality (VR) to address the psychological responses that arise after ACL surgery, and to examine the effectiveness of this protocol. The protocol was developed in 5 stages and a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 athletes to test its effectiveness. The study consisted of 3 experimental and 2 control groups. One of the control group was a plasebo control group.The effectiveness of the protocol was assessed using pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements with the Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI), the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ), the Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ), and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport Scale (ACL-RSI). Anxiety levels during VR exposure sessions were measured through biofeedback and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| CBT+VR (Cognitive behavioral therapy and virtual reality) | Experimental |
| |
| Control | Placebo Comparator |
| |
| Control Group | No Intervention | This arm have no intervention during the research. They only had been followed up by researchers | |
| CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) | Experimental |
| |
| VR (Virtual reality) | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBT+VR (Cognitive behavioral therapy and virtual reality) | Other | The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Re-Injury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI) | This scale measures re-injury anxiety | Through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS) | This scale measures rehabilitation adherence | Through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ) | This scale measures Self-Efficacy | Through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia | This scale measures kinesiophobia | Through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Return to Sport After Serious Injury Questionnaire (RSSIQ) | This scale was used to assess whether athletes were psychologically ready to return to sport. | Through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport Scale (ACL-RSI) | This scale was used to assess whether athletes were psychologically ready to return to sport from ACL surgery. | Through study completion, an average of 1 year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ziya Koruç, PhD | Hacettepe University | Study Director |
| Britton W. Brewer, PhD | Springfield College | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hacettepe University | Ankara | 06800 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| Control (placebo) group | Behavioral | The investigators are testing whether the placebo control protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery. |
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| VR (Virtual reality) | Behavioral | The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery. |
|
| CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) | Other | The investigators are testing whether this intervention protocol is effective on re-injury anxiety, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and adherence problems in athletes who have undergone ACL surgery. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092442 | Kinesiophobia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010698 | Phobic Disorders |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D044382 | Population Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D003710 | Demography |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
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