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This randomized controlled trial evaluated the acute effects of neural mobilization and dynamic stretching after upper extremity fatigue on upper extremity performance and hand-eye coordination in amateur athletes. Participants were amateur athletes aged 18 to 25 years who regularly participated in sports involving active use of the upper extremity. After baseline assessment, all participants completed a standardized upper extremity fatigue protocol. They were then randomly allocated to one of three groups: neural mobilization, dynamic stretching, or passive rest. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately after fatigue, and after the assigned recovery intervention or rest period. The study aimed to determine whether active recovery strategies, particularly neural mobilization, provide greater short-term recovery of upper extremity performance and hand-eye coordination compared with passive rest.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neural Mobilization | Experimental | Participants assigned to this arm received upper extremity neural mobilization after completion of the standardized upper extremity fatigue protocol. Neural mobilization techniques targeted the median, radial, and ulnar nerves and were applied during the recovery period before post-intervention outcome assessment. |
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| Dynamic Stretching | Experimental | Participants assigned to this arm performed a structured dynamic stretching protocol after completion of the standardized upper extremity fatigue protocol. The protocol included dynamic upper and lower body movements performed during the recovery period before post-intervention outcome assessment. |
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| Control | No Intervention | Participants assigned to this control arm rested passively after completion of the standardized upper extremity fatigue protocol. No active recovery intervention was administered during the recovery period before post-intervention outcome assessment. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neural Mobilization | Other | Upper extremity neural mobilization was applied after the standardized fatigue protocol. The intervention targeted the median, radial, and ulnar nerves using non-painful mobilization techniques. Each technique was performed for 2 sets of 20 repetitions, with each repetition lasting approximately 1 to 3 seconds |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Alternate Hand Wall Toss Test | Hand-eye coordination was assessed using the Alternate Hand Wall Toss Test. Participants stood 2 meters from a wall and repeatedly threw a ball against the wall, catching it with the opposite hand. The number of successful catches completed within 30 seconds was recorded. Higher scores indicate better hand-eye coordination performance. | Baseline, immediately after the fatigue protocol, and after the 15-minute recovery period |
| Upper Quarter Y Balance Test | Upper quarter dynamic balance was assessed using the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. Participants maintained a push-up position and reached with the free hand in the medial, superolateral, and inferolateral directions. Reach distances were recorded and used to calculate a composite score normalized to upper limb length. Higher scores indicate better upper quarter dynamic balance performance. | Baseline, immediately after the fatigue protocol, and after the 15-minute recovery period |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test | Upper extremity functional performance was assessed using the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test. Participants performed alternating hand touches across two marked lines while maintaining a push-up position. The number of touches completed within 15 seconds was recorded. Higher scores indicate better upper extremity functional performance. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatay Mustafa Kemal University | Hatay | Antakya | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27134351 | Background | Kim MK, Cha HG, Ji SG. The initial effects of an upper extremity neural mobilization technique on muscle fatigue and pressure pain threshold of healthy adults: a randomized control trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Mar;28(3):743-6. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.743. Epub 2016 Mar 31. | |
| 35496722 | Background | Hodgetts CJ, McLeish T, Thomas E, Walker BF. Association Between Chiropractic Students' Hand-Eye Coordination or General Self-efficacy and Their Performance on a Spinal Manipulative Therapy Examination: A Cross-sectional Study. J Chiropr Med. 2021 Dec;20(4):183-190. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2021.12.011. Epub 2022 Apr 6. |
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Individual participant data will not be publicly shared because explicit consent for external data sharing was not obtained from participants.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052580 | Muscle Stretching Exercises |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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Outcome assessments were performed by assessors who were not involved in administering the interventions and were blinded to group allocation.
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| Dynamic Stretching | Other | A structured dynamic stretching protocol was performed after the standardized fatigue protocol. The protocol lasted approximately 10 minutes and included dynamic upper extremity and whole-body movements such as arm swings, arm crossovers, walking lunges with trunk rotation, lateral shuffling, heel kicks, inchworms, and modified shuttle movements. |
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| Baseline, immediately after the fatigue protocol, and after the 15-minute recovery period |
| 35363812 | Background | Dupuis F, Sole G, Mercier C, Roy JS. Impact of fatigue at the shoulder on the contralateral upper limb kinematics and performance. PLoS One. 2022 Apr 1;17(4):e0266370. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266370. eCollection 2022. |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |