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This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of an 8-week combined strength and plyometric training program on lower-limb performance and neuromuscular function in male Sanda athletes. Thirty male Sanda athletes were randomly assigned to a strength training group or a combined strength and plyometric training group. Both groups trained three times per week for 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention and included standing long jump, countermovement jump, hexagon test, reactive strength index, lower-limb vertical stiffness, and lead-leg Sanda roundhouse kick attack time.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strength Training | Active Comparator |
| |
| Combined Strength and Plyometric Training | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength Training | Behavioral | The strength training intervention consisted of periodized resistance training over 8 weeks, with progressive increases in intensity based on one-repetition maximum. Exercises included lower-limb resistance exercises such as squat, deadlift, and lunge variations. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Standing Long Jump Performance | Standing long jump distance was assessed using standardized procedures. Participants completed three maximal trials, and the best distance in centimeters was recorded. | Baseline and post-intervention within 48 hours after the final training session, approximately 8 weeks |
| Change in Countermovement Jump Height | Countermovement jump height was assessed using a force platform. Participants completed three trials with hands on hips, and jump height was derived from the equipment. | Baseline and post-intervention within 48 hours after the final training session, approximately 8 weeks |
| Change in Hexagon Test Performance | Change-of-direction performance was evaluated using the hexagon test. Participants completed three timed trials, and the fastest time in seconds was retained. | Baseline and post-intervention within 48 hours after the final training session, approximately 8 weeks |
| Change in Reactive Strength Index | Reactive strength index was derived from force-platform data during repeated bilateral maximal vertical hops. | Baseline and post-intervention within 48 hours after the final training session, approximately 8 weeks |
| Change in Lower-Limb Vertical Stiffness | Lower-limb vertical stiffness was calculated from force-platform data during repeated hopping trials using peak ground reaction force, center-of-mass vertical displacement, body mass, contact time, and gravitational acceleration. | Baseline and post-intervention within 48 hours after the final training session, approximately 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Lead-Leg Sanda Roundhouse Kick Attack Time | Lead-leg Sanda roundhouse kick attack time was assessed as a sport-specific outcome using high-speed video recording. Attack time was defined as the interval from movement onset to first target contact, and the mean of three valid trials was used for analysis. | Baseline and post-intervention within 48 hours after the final training session, approximately 8 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Male Sanda athletes aged 18-25 years. Holders of National Second-Class Athlete certification or above. Provided written informed consent before participation.
Exclusion Criteria:
Recent musculoskeletal injury, particularly of the lower limbs. Any contraindication to high-intensity training. Participation in additional structured strength or plyometric training during the previous 8 weeks.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China | Beijing | Beijing Municipality | 100084 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| D059385 | Plyometric Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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|
| Combined Strength and Plyometric Training | Behavioral | The combined training intervention consisted of the same periodized strength training program as the strength training group plus a plyometric training component. Plyometric exercises were performed on non-slip rubber flooring, and jump height was monitored before each session. |
|
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |