Participants in this arm received an 8-week supervised plyometric training programme in addition to their routine football training. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and immediately after the 8-week intervention period.

Participants in this arm continued their routine football training during the same 8-week period and did not receive the additional plyometric training programme. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and immediately after the 8-week period.

A supervised 8-week plyometric exercise programme added to routine football training. The programme included progressive plyometric exercises designed to improve lower-limb explosive power, sprint performance, jump performance, and agility-related performance in recreational adolescent male football players.

Sprint performance was assessed using the 30 m sprint test. Time was recorded in seconds using photocell timing gates. Lower values indicate better sprint performance.

Vertical jump performance was assessed using the My Jump 2 application. Jump height was recorded in centimetres. Higher values indicate better jump performance.

Change-of-direction performance was assessed using the 505 agility test. Time was recorded in seconds. Lower values indicate better agility performance.

Horizontal jump performance was assessed using the standing long jump test. Jump distance was recorded in centimetres. Higher values indicate better horizontal jump performance.

Footwork performance was assessed using a 10 m ladder-based quick feet test. Time was recorded in seconds. Lower values indicate better footwork performance.

Multidirectional running performance was assessed using the zig-zag running test. Time was recorded in seconds. Lower values indicate better multidirectional movement performance.