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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Ministry of Education, Taiwan | OTHER_GOV |
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This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effects of an 8-week multi-component group exercise program on physical performance and sleep quality among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. Participants were recruited from four community care sites in central Taiwan. The intervention group participated in a structured exercise program consisting of aerobic, resistance, balance, and flexibility training conducted at a university-affiliated senior fitness club, while the control group maintained their usual community activities.
Primary outcomes included physical performance and sleep quality. Physical performance was assessed using gait speed, chair stand, arm curl, grip strength, balance, and walking tests. Sleep quality was measured using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI). Heart rate recovery was evaluated as a secondary outcome. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the intervention.
Population ageing increases the importance of interventions that promote healthy ageing and prevent functional decline. Exercise interventions have demonstrated benefits for mobility, muscular strength, balance, cardiovascular health, and quality of life in older adults. However, evidence regarding structured multi-component exercise programs integrated with senior-friendly smart fitness equipment and their effects on sleep quality remains limited.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week multi-component group exercise program on physical performance and sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan. The intervention was designed according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations for older adults and incorporated aerobic exercise, resistance training, balance training, and flexibility exercises.
Participants in the intervention group attended weekly 100-minute exercise sessions consisting of warm-up activities, whole-body vibration training, treadmill or stationary bicycle aerobic exercise, hydraulic-based isokinetic resistance training, and cool-down exercises. Exercise intensity was monitored using heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). The control group maintained their regular community activities without structured exercise intervention.
The primary outcomes were changes in physical performance and sleep quality. Secondary outcomes included heart rate recovery as an indicator of cardiovascular fitness. This study provides evidence regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of community-based multi-component exercise programs for older adults.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| an 8-week multi-component group exercise program | Experimental | Participants attended weekly 100-minute supervised exercise sessions including warm-up stretching, aerobic exercise using treadmills and stationary bicycles, whole-body vibration training, resistance exercise using hydraulic isokinetic equipment, and cool-down activities. Exercise intensity was monitored using heart rate and perceived exertion. |
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| Routine community activities | No Intervention | Control Group: Participants continued their routine community activities without participating in the structured exercise intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multi-component Group Exercise Program | Behavioral | Participants attended weekly 100-minute supervised exercise sessions including warm-up stretching, aerobic exercise using treadmills and stationary bicycles, whole-body vibration training, resistance exercise using hydraulic isokinetic equipment, and cool-down activities. Exercise intensity was monitored using heart rate and perceived exertion. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the 4-meter Gait Speed Test | 4-meter Gait Speed Test | Baseline and week 8 |
| Chair Stand Test | The Chair Stand Test assesses lower-body muscle strength by measuring the time required for participants to complete five chair stands consecutively with arms crossed over the chest. | Baseline and week 8 |
| 30-second Arm Curl Test | The 30-second Arm Curl Test assesses upper-body muscle endurance by counting the number of arm curls completed within 30 seconds using a dumbbell weighing 2.27 kg for women and 3.63 kg for men. | baseline and week 8 |
| Grip Strength Test | The Grip Strength Test assesses hand muscle strength using a hand dynamometer. Participants perform maximal grip force with the dominant hand, and the measured force is recorded in kilograms. | baseline and week 8 |
| Side-by-Side Stand Test | The Side-by-Side Stand Test assesses static balance by measuring the participant's ability to maintain a side-by-side standing position without assistance. | baseline and week 8 |
| Tandem Stand Test | The Tandem Stand Test assesses static balance by measuring the length of time participants can maintain a heel-to-toe standing position, up to a maximum of 10 seconds. | baseline and week 8 |
| 2.44-meter Timed Walk Test |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate Recovery | Assessment of cardiovascular recovery using heart rate recovery measured two minutes after treadmill exercise | baseline and weekly from Week 1 to Week 8 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yi-Ling Tseng, MSN | Tunghai University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tunghai University | Taichung | 407224 | Taiwan |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | May 20, 2026 | |
| Reset | Jun 16, 2026 |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 20, 2026 | Jun 16, 2026 | |||
| Jun 17, 2026 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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Participants from two community care sites were assigned to the intervention group, while participants from two additional community care sites were assigned to the control group. The intervention group participated in an 8-week multi-component exercise program, whereas the control group maintained their usual community activities.
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The 2.44-meter Timed Walk Test assesses mobility and dynamic balance by recording the time required for participants to stand up from a seated position, walk 2.44 meters around a cone, and return to the chair.
| baseline and week 8 |
| Sleep Quality | Assessment of sleep quality using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI) | Baseline and week 8 |
| D001523 |
| Mental Disorders |
| D001519 | Behavior |