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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Selcuk University | OTHER |
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This study was aimed to examine the effects of participation in a 12-week multicomponent exercise program on frailty, cognitive function, and sleep quality among older adults.
The primary research questions of this study are as follows:
Researchers were compared the multicomponent exercise program to a control group (no intervention) to see if the multicomponent exercise program works on frailty, cognitive function, and sleep quality among older adults.
Intervention group participants were:
- attended the multicomponent exercise program, 12-week period, with sessions held twice weekly, each lasting 45-60 minutes, in groups of 6-8 participants at a municipally affiliated healthy living center under nurse supervision.
The study was conducted with elderly individuals aged 65 and over enrolled in a municipal wellness centre meeting the inclusion-exclusion criteria. A total of 110 elderly individuals were included in the study. These individuals were randomly assigned to two groups: intervention and control groups. Pre-test data were collected November 2025 in a quiet room at the wellness centre by outcome assessors from both the intervention and control groups using the "Personal Information Form", "Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS)", "Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)" and "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)" on a self-report basis. The Multicomponent Exercise Program was administered to the intervention group for 12 weeks, twice a week, in groups of 6-8 people, in sessions lasting 45-60 minutes each, under nurse supervision. At the end of the Multicomponent Exercise Program, both the intervention and control groups were administered the "Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS)", "Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)" and "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)" as a post-test between January and February 2026. The control group received no intervention during the 12-week program; individuals continued with their daily living activities.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | The intervention group was a group of 55 people consisting of older adults who followed the 12-week Multicomponent Exercise Program. |
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| Control Group | No Intervention | The control group consisted of 55 older adults who attended receive any exercise intervention and were instructed to continue their routine daily activities for 12 weeks without any intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Multicomponent Exercise Program | Behavioral | The program is conducted twice a week for 12 weeks, in sessions lasting 45-60 minutes each, at a municipal health center, in groups of 6-8 people, and under the supervision of a nurse. Each exercise session consists of four phases: warm-up, aerobic exercise, strength and balance training, and cool-down. The warm-up phase includes light-paced walking and range of motion exercises; the aerobic phase involves moderate-intensity walking and rhythmic movements; the strength and balance exercise phase uses resistance bands and light weights to target upper and lower extremity muscle groups; and exercises aimed at improving postural stability through functional activities such as sit-to-stand, single-leg standing, and tandem walking. The cool-down phase includes static stretching exercises, breathing exercises, and relaxation techniques. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Frailty total mean score | Frailty was assessed using the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), a multidimensional instrument comprising nine domains that evaluate frailty in older adults. Total scores range from 0 to 17, with higher scores indicating increased frailty. | From enrollment to the end of the multicomponent exercise program at 12 weeks |
| Cognitive function total mean score | Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which evaluates orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language skills. Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores reflecting better cognitive performance | From enrollment to the end of the multicomponent exercise program at 12 weeks |
| Sleep quality total mean score | Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which consists of seven components evaluating sleep quality over the past month. Higher total scores indicate poorer sleep quality | From enrollment to the end of the multicomponent exercise program at 12 weeks. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankara Metropolitan Municipality Healthy Life Center | Ankara | 06000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073496 | Frailty |
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
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This study was a randomized controlled trial with pre-test and post-test control groups.
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Due to the nature of the exercise intervention, participants and intervention providers could not be blinded to group allocation. However, outcome assessors and data analysts were blinded to group assignments to minimize assessment and analysis bias.
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| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |