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This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness of reactive balance training versus conventional balance training on dynamic stability and change of direction performance. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups. Each group will receive its respective intervention over a 6-week period. Outcome measures, including dynamic stability assessed by the Y-Balance Test and change-of-direction performance measured using the 505 Agility Test, will be evaluated at baseline and after the intervention. The study is designed to determine which training approach is more effective in improving balance and functional performance.
This study is a randomized controlled trial comparing two balance training interventions in competitive tennis players. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a reactive balance training group or a conventional balance training group. Both groups will undergo a supervised training program for 6 weeks, with three sessions per week. Each session will include a warm-up, a structured balance training program, and a cool-down phase. The reactive balance training group will perform exercises involving external perturbations, unpredictable stimuli, and sport-specific reactive movements such as sudden directional changes, partner-induced disturbances, and dual-task activities. The conventional balance training group will perform static and controlled balance exercises, including single-leg stance, balance board activities, and slow, predictable movements without external perturbations. Training intensity and duration will be standardized across both groups. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will be conducted to evaluate changes in dynamic stability and change-of-direction performance.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactive balance training | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive a structured reactive balance training program focusing on unpredictable, perturbation-based exercises to enhance neuromuscular control and dynamic stability. The intervention will include single-leg stance with manual perturbations, reactive stepping, sudden directional changes in response to verbal or visual cues, resistance band perturbations, and tennis-specific reactive movements. Exercises will be progressively advanced by increasing instability, speed of response, and dual-task demands. |
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| Conventional Balance Training | Active Comparator | Participants in this group will receive a structured conventional balance training program focusing on static and controlled balance exercises without external perturbations. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group : Reactive Balance Training | Other | Participants will receive a structured reactive balance training program based on unpredictable perturbation-based exercises requiring rapid postural correction. The intervention will be conducted for 6 weeks (3 sessions/week) and will follow a progressive protocol. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic Stability | Dynamic stability will be assessed using the Y-Balance Test (Lower Quarter), which measures reach distance in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. The composite score (normalized to limb length) will be used to evaluate postural control and balance performance. | Baseline (Pre-intervention) and after 6 weeks (Post-intervention) |
| Change of Direction Performance | Change-of-direction ability will be assessed using the 505 Agility Test, which measures the time (in seconds) required to accelerate, change direction (180° turn), and return over a set distance. Lower time indicates better performance. | Baseline (Pre-intervention) and after 6 weeks (Post-intervention) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laiba Zia Laiba Zia, DPT, MSPT (SPORTS) | Contact | +92923125299816 | zialaiba0@gmail.com | |
| Hafsah Gul Khattak, DPT, MS-NMPT | Contact | +923125299816 | hafsahgull_khattak@yahoo.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hafsah Gul Khattak, DPT, MSNMPT | IBADAT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD (IIUI) | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibadat International University, Islamabad (Iiui) | Recruiting | Islamabad | 46000 | Pakistan |
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Participants will get separate treatment protocols, and possible efforts will be put to mask both groups about the treatment.
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| Active comparator ( Conventional Balance Training) | Other | Participants will receive a structured conventional balance training program based on static and controlled exercises without external perturbation, conducted for 6 weeks (3 sessions/week). |
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