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This study aimed to compare the acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and static stretching on hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) strength ratios in healthy young men. A randomized crossover design was used in which participants completed both stretching protocols on separate days. Isokinetic muscle strength and H/Q ratios were assessed following each intervention. The findings provide insight into the immediate effects of different stretching modalities on muscle balance and performance.
The present study investigated the acute effects of two commonly used stretching modalities-proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and static stretching-on isokinetic muscle strength and hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) ratios in physically active healthy young males. The study employed a randomized crossover design with repeated measures, allowing each participant to complete both experimental conditions under standardized laboratory settings.
Participants attended three sessions: a familiarization session followed by two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 hours. Each experimental session included a standardized warm-up, followed by either PNF or static stretching intervention, and subsequent isokinetic strength testing. Peak torque values for quadriceps (concentric) and hamstrings (concentric and eccentric) were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s. Traditional and functional H/Q ratios were calculated.
The primary aim was to determine whether these stretching modalities produce acute alterations in muscle strength and H/Q ratios. The study also examined whether the type of ratio (traditional vs. functional) significantly influences outcomes. Findings contribute to understanding the neuromuscular implications of stretching in warm-up protocols.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PNF Stretching | Experimental | Participants performed four repetitions of PNF stretching consisting of a 6-second isometric hamstring contraction at approximately 60% of maximal voluntary contraction followed by a 30-second passive stretch. Rest intervals were standardized. |
|
| Static Stretching | Experimental | Participants performed four repetitions of static hamstring stretching, each lasting 30 seconds, with 30-second rest intervals between repetitions |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PNF Stretching | Other | Participants performed four repetitions of PNF stretching consisting of a 6-second isometric hamstring contraction at approximately 60% of maximal voluntary contraction followed by a 30-second passive stretch. Rest intervals were standardized. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hamstring-to-Quadriceps (H/Q) Ratio | Both traditional (Hcon/Qcon) and functional (Hecc/Qcon) ratios were calculated using isokinetic peak torque values. | Immediately after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quadriceps Concentric Peak Torque | Quadriceps Concentric Peak Torque | Immediately post-intervention |
| Hamstring Concentric Peak Torque | Hamstring Concentric Peak Torque |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Male
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gumushane Univetsity | Gümüşhane | Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane | 29600 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual participant data will not be shared.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052580 | Muscle Stretching Exercises |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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Crossover Assignment
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| Static Stretching | Other | Participants performed four repetitions of static hamstring stretching, each lasting 30 seconds, with 30-second rest intervals between repetitions. |
|
| Immediately post-intervention |
| Hamstring Eccentric Peak Torque | Hamstring Eccentric Peak Torque | Immediately post-intervention |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |