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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine how meal timing in a one-meal-a-day (OMAD) regimen influences neurocognitive outcomes.
Methods: Twelve cognitively active participants (academics, students, software engineers) will complete three randomized OMAD conditions, consuming a standardized isocaloric meal at 08:00, 12:30, or 18:00. ERPs will be recorded during a computerized Stroop task to evaluate peak amplitudes and latencies under congruent and incongruent conditions. Resting-state EEG will be measured under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Behavioral performance on the Stroop task, including reaction time and accuracy, will also be assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Group (Crossover) | Experimental | Arm Title: Morning Meal (08:00) Arm Type: Experimental Intervention: Other: One-meal-a-day (OMAD) Arm Description: Participants consume a single standardized isocaloric meal at 08:00. Neurocognitive outcomes (ERP, resting-state EEG, Stroop performance) are assessed during morning (before meal) and afternoon (approximately 6 hours post-meal) sessions. Arm Title: Midday Meal (12:30) Arm Type: Experimental Intervention: Other: One-meal-a-day (OMAD) Arm Description: Participants consume a single standardized isocaloric meal at 12:30. Neurocognitive outcomes (ERP, resting-state EEG, Stroop performance) are assessed during morning (before meal) and afternoon (approximately 6 hours post-meal) sessions. Arm Title: Evening Meal (18:00) Arm Type: Experimental Intervention: Other: One-meal-a-day (OMAD) Arm Description: Participants consume a single standardized isocaloric meal at 18:00. Neurocognitive outcomes (ERP, resting-state EEG, Stroop performance) are assessed during morning (before mea |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| one-meal-a-day (OMAD) | Other | Arm Title: Morning Meal (08:00) Intervention: Other: One-meal-a-day (OMAD) Description: Participants consume a single isocaloric meal at 08:00. Arm Title: Midday Meal (12:30) Intervention: Other: One-meal-a-day (OMAD) Description: Participants consume a single isocaloric meal at 12:30. Arm Title: Evening Meal (18:00) Intervention: Other: One-meal-a-day (OMAD) Description: Participants consume a single isocaloric meal at 18:00. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Peak Amplitude of Event-Related Potentials During Stroop - Congruent Trials | Maximum voltage deflection (µV) within 250-450 ms after stimulus onset at CP1, CP2, Pz, P3, O1, and O2 electrodes, recorded during congruent Stroop trials using a 32-channel EEG system. | Day 1 Morning session (09:30-11:00, pre-meal) and Day 1 Afternoon session (14:30-16:00, ~6 hours post-meal). Each participant completes three separate test days (morning, midday, evening feeding), ≥48 hours apart. |
| Latency of Positive Peak of Event-Related Potentials During Stroop - Congruent Trials | Time point (ms) of maximum positive deflection within 250-450 ms after stimulus onset at CP1, CP2, Pz, P3, O1, and O2 electrodes. | Day 1 Morning session (09:30-11:00, pre-meal) and Day 1 Afternoon session (14:30-16:00, ~6 hours post-meal). Each participant completes three separate test days (morning, midday, evening feeding), ≥48 hours apart. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Resting-State EEG Absolute Power (Eyes-Open and Eyes-Closed) | Broadband spectral power (µV²) recorded at CP1, CP2, Pz, P3, O1, and O2 electrodes during standardized eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-state EEG. | Day 1 Morning session (09:30-11:00, pre-meal) and Day 1 Afternoon session (14:30-16:00, ~6 hours post-meal). Each participant completes three separate test days (morning, midday, evening feeding), ≥48 hours apart. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Male, 20 to 45 years of age
Right-handed
Normal or corrected-to-normal vision
Cognitively active individuals (academic staff, graduate students, or software/algorithm engineers)
Regular sleep-wake schedule during the week preceding the experiment
Ability to abstain from caffeine, alcohol, or psychoactive substances for at least 24 hours prior to each test session
Body mass index between 18.5 and 30 kg/m²
Exclusion Criteria:
History of neurological, psychiatric, metabolic, or sleep disorders
Current use of medications that affect the central nervous system
Shift work or irregular sleep patterns (verified by sleep diary)
Prior experience with one-meal-a-day dietary routines
Body mass index below 18.5 or above 30 kg/m²
To minimize hormone-related variability in electroencephalography and event-related potential measures in this pilot crossover study, enrollment is limited to males.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erzurum Technical University Sport Sciences Faculty | Erzurum | Erzurum | 25240 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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