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This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of an 8-week neuro-athletic training (NAT) program in enhancing sport-specific skills and physical capacities in elite male football players aged 18-23 years. Participants were randomly assigned to a NAT intervention group or a control group that maintained standard training. The NAT program involved oculomotor, vestibular, and proprioceptive drills. Primary outcomes include passing and shooting accuracy; secondary outcomes include flexibility and isokinetic knee strength.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuro-Athletic Training (NAT) Group | Experimental | Participants receive a structured 8-week NAT program including oculomotor, vestibular, and proprioceptive drills, 3 sessions/week (35-45 minutes each). |
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| Standard Training Group | Active Comparator | Participants continue their standard in-season football training program without any NAT components. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuro-Athletic Training | Behavioral | Participants receive a structured 8-week NAT program including oculomotor, vestibular, and proprioceptive drills, 3 sessions/week (35-45 minutes each). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Passing Accuracy (Mor-Christian Passing Test) | Measured as a score (max 120) based on 12 passes from 7, 8.5, and 10 meters toward a mini-goal. Assessed pre- and post-intervention. | Pre-intervention (baseline) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks). |
| Shooting Accuracy (Mor-Christian Shooting Test) | Measured as a score (max 80) based on 16 shots from 14.5 meters toward four 45 cm targets. Assessed pre- and post-intervention. | Pre-intervention (baseline) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Flexibility (Sit-and-Reach Test) | Measured in centimeters using a standard sit-and-reach box, assessing hamstring and lower back flexibility. | Pre-intervention (baseline) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks) |
| Isokinetic Knee Strength (ISOMED 2000 Dynamometer) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Only individuals who self-identify as male are eligible to participate in this study. The study targets elite male football players to ensure homogeneity in performance characteristics and to align with league-specific demographics during the 2023-2024 season.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balikesir University | Balıkesir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to privacy concerns and institutional data protection policies.
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This study used a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design with pre- and post-intervention assessments. Participants were randomly assigned to either a Neuro-Athletic Training (NAT) group or a control group. The NAT group received an 8-week structured program targeting sensorimotor integration through oculomotor, vestibular, and proprioceptive drills, while the control group continued standard football training without additional interventions. Outcome assessors and statistical analysts were blinded to group allocations. The study was conducted under standardized conditions to ensure methodological rigor and group comparability.
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Outcome assessments were performed by an independent physiotherapist who was blinded to group allocation to reduce measurement bias. Additionally, the researcher conducting the statistical analysis was also blinded to group assignments to ensure data objectivity. Participants and intervention providers were not blinded due to the nature of the behavioral intervention.
| Standard Training | Other | Participants continue their standard in-season football training program without any NAT components. |
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Concentric peak torque of quadriceps and hamstrings at 60°/s (5 repetitions) and 180°/s (15 repetitions), normalized to body mass (Nm/kg), and hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio. |
| Pre-intervention (baseline) and post-intervention (after 8 weeks). |