Music for Pain in the Waiting Room

Examining Brief, Music Interventions for Acute Pain in the X-Ray Waiting Room

This is a single-site, three-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial (RCT). The clinical effects of two, 4-minute, audio-recorded, music interventions (one with lyrics and the other without) for orthopedic patients will be investigated relative to a 4-minute audio-recoding about pain psychoeducation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18
• Seeking treatment at the Tallahassee Orthopedic Center

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cognitive impairment preventing completion of study procedures.
• Other unstable illness judged by research staff to interfere with study involvement.