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This is a single-site, three-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial (RCT). The clinical effects of two, 4-minute, audio-recorded, music interventions (one with lyrics and the other without) for orthopedic patients will be investigated relative to a 4-minute audio-recoding about pain psychoeducation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pain Coping Information | Active Comparator | A 4-minute audio recording about common pain coping techniques (e.g., ice, rest, medication, surgery). |
|
| Lyrical music | Experimental | A 4-minute audio recording of Leonard Cohen's song "Hallelujah" sung by Rufus Wainwright with choral accompaniment. |
|
| Instrumental Music | Experimental | A 4-minute audio recording of instrumental, theta wave music. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain Coping Information | Behavioral | A 4-minute audio recording providing common pain coping techniques (e.g., ice, rest, medication, surgery). |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Pain Unpleasantness Numeric Rating Scale | Single Likert scale item ranging from 0-10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 representing the most unpleasant pain imaginable. | Immediately before to after 4-minute audio recording |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Pain Intensity Numeric Rating Scale | Single Likert scale item ranging from 0-10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 representing the most intense pain imaginable. | Immediately before to after 4-minute audio recording |
| Change in Anxiety Numeric Rating Scale |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Self-Transcendent State | Self-transcendent state will be measured by the three-item, state version of the validated Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment. These three items will be scored on a Likert scale ranging from 0-10, with higher scores representing greater self-transcendence. | Immediately before to after 4-minute audio recording |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tallahassee Orthopedic Clinic (TOC) | Tallahassee | Florida | 32308 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059787 | Acute Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Lyrical Music | Behavioral | A 4-minute audio recording of Leonard Cohen's song "Hallelujah" sung by Rufus Wainwright with choral accompaniment. |
|
| Instrumental Music | Behavioral | A 4-minute audio recording of instrumental, theta wave music. |
|
Single Likert scale item ranging from 0-10, with 0 indicating no anxiety and 10 representing severe anxiety, |
| Immediately before to after 4-minute audio recording |
| Experience of Emotional Chills | Emotional chills and goosebumps will be measured with two items, each scored on a 0 to 10 Likert type scale. Higher score represent more chills/goosebumps. | Immediately after 4-minute audio recording |