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The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of musical intervention reduces patient anxiety and provides a less painful experience during office-based procedures in a pain management clinic setting.
100 patients who are scheduled for interventional procedures will be randomly assigned to either a music intervention group or a no-music group. Such interventional procedures include sacroiliac joint (SI) steroidal injections, SI radiofrequency ablations, peripheral nerve stimulator implantations, caudal and laminar epidural steroidal injections, lumbar medial branch blocks, lumbar medial branch nerve radiofrequency ablations, spinal cord implantation of electro stimulators. These procedures are fluoroscopically guided. Each group will consist of 50 participants. Participants in the music intervention group will listen to their preferred genre of music during their procedure. The study participants in the music intervention group will listen to music via external speakers played in the procedure room. The music will not be loud enough to disrupt the physician's communication with the patient. The no-music group will receive the same treatment throughout the procedure; however, this group will not listen to music at any time during the procedure. To ensure acute pain and anxiety control, participants in both groups will receive standard analgesic treatment in the beginning of their scheduled interventional procedure. Such treatment includes injection and topical application of lidocaine to induce local anesthesia. The patients in both groups will complete a questionnaire that contains VAS and STAI scoring metrics to measure pain and anxiety levels, respectively. This questionnaire will be completed before and immediately after the procedure. Furthermore, we will use salivary cortisol as a non-subjective biomarker of psychological stress in study subjects not undergoing corticosteroid injections. The saliva samples from the study participants will be collected before and after their scheduled office-based procedures. Upon collection of saliva samples from the study participants, the samples will be picked up by the LabCorp, which then will perform salivary cortisol testing; the results will be reported to the study team.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Music Intervention | Experimental | A patient is scheduled for an office-based procedure such as a nerve block, epidural steroid injection, etc. Music-of-choice during the office-based procedure intervention is assigned to this group. Music via external speakers played in the procedure room. To ensure acute pain and anxiety control, participants will receive standard analgesic treatment in the beginning of their scheduled interventional procedure. Such treatment includes injection and topical application of lidocaine to induce local anesthesia. Standard of care is applied. |
|
| Control | Other | A patient is scheduled for an office-based procedure such as a nerve block, epidural steroid injection, etc. No music intervention is assigned to this group. No music at any time during the procedure. To ensure acute pain and anxiety control, participants will receive standard analgesic treatment in the beginning of their scheduled interventional procedure. Such treatment includes injection and topical application of lidocaine to induce local anesthesia. Standard of care is applied. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Office-based procedure indicated for chronic pain with music | Procedure | Such procedure may include sacroiliac joint (SI) steroidal injections, SI radiofrequency ablations, peripheral nerve stimulator implantations, caudal and laminar epidural steroidal injections, lumbar medial branch blocks, lumbar medial branch nerve radiofrequency ablations, spinal cord implantation of electro stimulators. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| VAS score | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score | Immediately before and after an office-based procedure |
| STAI score | State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score | Immediately before and after an office-based procedure |
| Blood pressure | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Immediately before and after an office-based procedure |
| Heart rate | Heart rate | Immediately before and after an office-based procedure |
| Biochemical marker of stress | Salivary cortisol levels | Immediately before and after an office-based procedure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kamal Patel, MD | NeuSpine Institute, Florida | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NeuSpine Institute | Wesley Chapel | Florida | 33544 | United States | ||
| NeuSpine Institute |
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Primary Purpose: Treatment Allocation: Randomized Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Not applicable
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|
| Office-based procedure indicated for chronic pain without music | Procedure | Office-based procedure indicated for chronic pain without music |
|
| Zephyrhills |
| Florida |
| 33540 |
| United States |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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