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A significant medical risk associated with hypothermia during exercise in a cold environment cardiac arrhythmia due to a possible autonomic conflict. However, little is known about the changes in heart rate and cardiac function after prolonged cold water swimming.
The investigators propose to measure the changes in core temperarure during and after a cold water swim at at a water temperature below 15.5°C qualifying for English Channel swim and to test the association with changes in heart rate variability, resting electrocardiogram and left ventricle function.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | The participants are the swimmers engaged in the 6-hour cold water swim during the Channel Swim Camp who volunteered to participate in the study. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart rate from a resting ECG recording | Waves, intervals & segments of the normal ECG trace was collected | Two Time points (1) the day before the race and (2) at 30 min after ending the race |
| Heart rate from a 5-minute ECG recording | Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters including time-domain measures and frequency-time measures | Two Time points (1) the day before the race and (2) at 30 min after ending the race |
| Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) analysis | Left and right ventricular and atrial dimensions, and systolic and diastolic ventricular function assessment were collected | Two Time points (1) the day before the race and (2) at 30 min after ending the race |
| Change in Body Core Temperature | Measurement of Body Core Temperature using an ingestible electronic sensor (e-Celsius®, BodyCap , Caen, France) which provide a continuous validated measurement | Time Frame: Continuous measurement was collected from 30 minutes before the race until 2 hours after the end of the race for each swimmer] |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body composition, body fat mass | Fat mass (in kg, % of body mass [fat mass and body mass were combined to report % of body mass) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (mBCA 525, Seca, Germany).](streamdown:incomplete-link) | One measurement assessed the day before the race |
| Body composition, fat-free mass |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Swimmers participating in the 6-hour cold-water swim, qualifying for the English Channel swim at the Channel Swim Camp (Dinard, France).
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHU Caen Normandie | Caen | 14000 | France |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007035 | Hypothermia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001832 | Body Temperature Changes |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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Fat-free mass (in kg, % of body mass [fat-free mass and body mass were combined to report % of body mass) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (mBCA 525, Seca, Germany).](streamdown:incomplete-link) |
| One measurement assessed the day before the race |
| Duration | Duration of the swimming | The duration of swimming was collected from the organisers immediately after the race |
| Individual characteristics, gender | The variable collected was the gender of participants | One evaluation assessed the day before the race |
| Individual characteristics, age | The variable collected was the age of participants | One evaluation assessed the day before the race |
| Individual characteristics, training in cold environment | The variable collected was the type of specific training in cold environment (yes/no) | One evaluation assessed the day before the race |