In this context, this study aims to explore the risk factors for mortality from VAP in respiratory ICU.

Pneumonia is the most common infection treated within ICUs and carries significant mortality risk . Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a specific form of nosocomial pneumonia occurring in patients greater than 48 hours after intubation and the initiation of mechanical ventilation .

VAP is considered a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among intensive care unit infections. Despite various preventive measures, the incidence of VAP remains high .

In studies, VAP-related mortality is 14-70% . It is contemplated that there are independent risk factors, increasing VAP-related mortality .

However, the question of which factors are associated with early or late mortality in patients with VAP diagnosis, remains unanswered. Early identification and understanding of the etiology of VAP in the ICU is essential to prevent mortality and morbidity.

Inclusion Criteria:This study will enroll:

1. adult participants over 18 years old who had undergone mechanical ventilation for longer than 48 hours.
2. Only the first episode of VAP for each patient will be included.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who are less than 18 years old.
2. Pneumonia diagnosed before mechanical ventilation.

This study will enroll adult participants over 18 years old who had undergone mechanical ventilation for longer than 48 hours. Only the first episode of VAP for each patient will be included.