The aim of this study is to evaluate prognostic efficiency RDW and NLR for mortality prediction in respiratory patients with VAP.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection. VAP continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the nosocomial setting. Red cell distribution width (RDW) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are prognostic factors to mortality in different diseases.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Respiratory failure needs mechanical ventilator support > 48 hrs. VAP was defined as an acute lower respiratory tract infection in mechanically ventilated patient > 48 hrs with a new or progressing infiltrate on chest radiograph and who met at least two of the following clinical criteria: body temperature >38°C or <36°C with no other recognized cause, white blood cell count >10,000 /mm3 or <5000 /mm3, or a macroscopically purulent tracheal aspirate
• Only the first VAP episode was included

Exclusion Criteria:

• Neutropenia (< 500 cells/ml) before the development of VAP.
• Conditions are known to influence total and differential WBC counts such as chronic inflammatory conditions, hematologic disorders, history of chemotherapy, or radiotherapy within 4 weeks before enrollment.
• Conditions are known to affect RDW as anemia due to nutritional deficiency (ie, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid).
• Patients with HIV/AIDS

All patients with the clinical suspicion of VAP in the Respiratory ICU were included in the study.