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The study is randomized and single-blinded. Ethical approval is taken from ethical committee of Riphah International University, Lahore. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and allocated in group A & B through sealed envelope method by Non-probability Convenient random sampling technique. Subjects in Group A will receive the strength training only. Group B will receive the mindfulness-exercise in addition to the strength training protocol.
The objective of the study is to determine the effects of mindfulness practice with strength training on pain, kinesiophobia and function among sprinters with patellofemoral syndrome. The study is randomized and single-blinded. Ethical approval is taken from ethical committee of Riphah International University, Lahore. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and allocated in group A & B through sealed envelope method by Non-probability Convenient random sampling technique. Subjects in Group A will receive the strength training only. Group B will receive the mindfulness-exercise in addition to the strength training protocol. Usual pain, pain during stepping, and pain during running will be assessed using visual analog scales. Functional limitations of the knee will be assessed using the Knee Outcome Survey. Fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, and coping strategies will be measured via the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, respectively. For strength training we will use Muscle-strengthening Exercise Questionnaire Short Form (MSEQ). These outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks
The data will be analyzed by SPSS, version 25. Statistical significance is P=0.05.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strength Training | Other | They will receive the strength training only will follow a protocol (6 weeks, 3 sessions/week) that feature training modifications to help control injury-related symptoms. |
|
| Mindfulness Exercise | Other | They will receive the mindfulness-exercise group will receive an 6-week mindfulness intervention in addition to the strength training protocol. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength Training | Other | They will receive the strength training only (6 weeks, 3 sessions/week) that feature training modifications to help control injury-related symptoms. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Knee Pain | Usual pain, pain during stepping and running will be assessed using visual analog scales. | pre and 6 weeks post interventional |
| Kinesiophobia | Tampa Scale will be used to assess kinesiophobia. | pre and 6 weeks post interventional |
| Physical Function | Functional limitations of the knee will be assessed using the Knee Outcome Survey. | pre and 6 weeks post interventional |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malia Younas, MS DPT | Contact | 0325-8292286 | maliayounas62@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sana Malik, DPT | Study Principal Investigator | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan sports board | Recruiting | Lahore | Punjab Province | 53700 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22827721 | Background | Lopes AD, Hespanhol Junior LC, Yeung SS, Costa LO. What are the main running-related musculoskeletal injuries? A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2012 Oct 1;42(10):891-905. doi: 10.1007/BF03262301. | |
| 24569145 | Background | Witvrouw E, Callaghan MJ, Stefanik JJ, Noehren B, Bazett-Jones DM, Willson JD, Earl-Boehm JE, Davis IS, Powers CM, McConnell J, Crossley KM. Patellofemoral pain: consensus statement from the 3rd International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat held in Vancouver, September 2013. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Mar;48(6):411-4. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093450. No abstract available. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D046788 | Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome |
| D000092442 | Kinesiophobia |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D010698 | Phobic Disorders |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
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Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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randomized clinical trail
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the assessor who will take the readings is blind
| Mindfulness Exercise | Other | They will receive mindfulness-exercise for 6-week mindfulness intervention in addition to the strength training protocol. |
|
| 24691626 | Background | Domenech J, Sanchis-Alfonso V, Espejo B. Changes in catastrophizing and kinesiophobia are predictive of changes in disability and pain after treatment in patients with anterior knee pain. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014 Oct;22(10):2295-300. doi: 10.1007/s00167-014-2968-7. Epub 2014 Apr 2. |
| 30368045 | Background | Mansfield CB, Selhorst M. The effects of fear-avoidance beliefs on anterior knee pain and physical therapy visit count for young individuals: A retrospective study. Phys Ther Sport. 2018 Nov;34:187-191. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.10.008. Epub 2018 Oct 18. |
| 23081711 | Background | Domenech J, Sanchis-Alfonso V, Lopez L, Espejo B. Influence of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing on pain and disability in anterior knee pain patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013 Jul;21(7):1562-8. doi: 10.1007/s00167-012-2238-5. Epub 2012 Oct 19. |
| 29362256 | Background | Smith BE, Moffatt F, Hendrick P, Bateman M, Rathleff MS, Selfe J, Smith TO, Logan P. The experience of living with patellofemoral pain-loss, confusion and fear-avoidance: a UK qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2018 Jan 23;8(1):e018624. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018624. |
| 19565153 | Background | Piva SR, Fitzgerald GK, Wisniewski S, Delitto A. Predictors of pain and function outcome after rehabilitation in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Rehabil Med. 2009 Jul;41(8):604-12. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0372. |
| 22487407 | Background | Rathleff MS, Rasmussen S, Olesen JL. [Unsatisfactory long-term prognosis of conservative treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2012 Apr 9;174(15):1008-13. Danish. |
| D001523 |
| Mental Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |