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The objective of the study is to analyze whether observing the actions of a referent selected by the participants improves balance in asymptomatic individuals compared to those who observe a standard referent.
Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. The primary endpoint of the study was the balance recorded by force platform (estatic) and Y balance test (dynamic).
Setting: The participants will be healthy people in the province of Tarragona.
Participants: They will be randomly assigned to one of three groups using a computerized randomized list:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants will watch a video of landscapes without human or animal movement. | |
| Intervention Group with Referent (GIR) | Experimental | Participants will observe actions whose referent has been selected by themselves based on perceived similarity. A total of 16 different videos will be used, with 4 new videos each week. The videos will gradually increase in difficulty as the study progresses. All exercises are exercises used to improve balance. |
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| Standard Intervention Group (GIE) | Active Comparator | Participants will observe actions with a standard reference. In this case, a basic digitally designed faceless doll will be used. A total of 16 different videos will be used, with 4 new videos each week. The videos will gradually increase in difficulty as the study progresses. All exercises are exercises used to improve balance. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action observation videos | Other | The participant will see videos of balance exercises performed by the assigned reference, depending on their group, without performing any physical movement. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Static balance | Center of pressure analysis: The displacement of the center of pressure (CPD) of the participants will be measured through posturographic tests performed on a force platform. The following variables related to the center of pressure (CoP) will be calculated: the roll area (in square millimeters) and the distribution of the weight load on both sides. | 1 month |
| Dynamic Balance | A modified and abbreviated version of the Star Excursion Balance Test, known as mSEBT, will be used. This test has been standardized and validated, and requires a board or floor with three lines indicating directions of movement: anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL). These lines form a Y, with an angle of 90° between PM and PL, and 135° between ANT and PM, and ANT and PL. | 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Age | Age will be measured in years | 1 day |
| Biological sex | Biological sex will be measured asking if they born like a boy or a girl. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Cristina Adillón Camón, Dra. | University Rovira i Virgili | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut Eurecat | Reus | Tarragona | 43203 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30693101 | Background | Gatti R, Sarasso E, Pelachin M, Agosta F, Filippi M, Tettamanti A. Can action observation modulate balance performance in healthy subjects? Arch Physiother. 2019 Jan 22;9:1. doi: 10.1186/s40945-018-0053-0. eCollection 2019. | |
| 34468110 | Background | Moon Y, Bae Y. The effect of backward walking observational training on gait parameters and balance in chronic stroke: randomized controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2022 Feb;58(1):9-15. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06869-6. Epub 2021 Sep 1. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003075 | Coitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012725 | Sexual Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| 1 day |
| Weight | Weight will be measured in kg with a Beurer's body analyser scales | 1 day |
| Height | Height will be measured in cm. | 1 day |
| Body mass index (BMI) | Body mass index (BMI) will be measured in kg with a Beurer's body analyser scales | 1 day |
| Length of the lower limb. | Length of the lower limb will be measured in cm. | 1 day |
| Dominant lower limb | Dominant lower limb will be measured asking which limb would shoot a ball with. | 1 day |
| Morphotype | Morphotype (endomorph, ectomorph and mesoform) will be measured by observation | 1 day |
| Trunk and lower extremity muscle strength | Analogue dynamometry will be used as an evaluation method and will be recorded in Newtons (N) with the Saehan SKU SH5007 back, leg and chest dynamometer. | 1 month |
| Satisfaction assessed by a selfcreate questionnaire | A questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate participants' satisfaction with their experience in the study will be used once they have completed their participation. | 1 day |
| Background | Picot B, Terrier R, Forestier N, Fourchet F, O.McKeon F. The Star Excursion Balance Test: An Update Review and Practical Guidelines. Int. J. Athl. Ther. Train. 2021 Jul 20,26(6):285-93. doi: 10.1123/ijatt.2020-0106. |
| 31938708 | Background | Leem SH, Kim JH, Lee BH. Effects of Otago exercise combined with action observation training on balance and gait in the old people. J Exerc Rehabil. 2019 Dec 31;15(6):848-854. doi: 10.12965/jer.1938720.360. eCollection 2019 Dec. |
| 31626568 | Background | Cuenca-Martinez F, Suso-Marti L, Sanchez-Martin D, Soria-Soria C, Serrano-Santos J, Paris-Alemany A, La Touche R, Leon-Hernandez JV. Effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation on Lumbo-pelvic Motor Control, Trunk Muscles Strength and Level of Perceived Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2020 Mar;91(1):34-46. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1645941. Epub 2019 Oct 18. |