Investigators aimed to assess the macular changes with OCT after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery in diabetic patients with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) at the time of surgery and the effect of perioperative and postoperative topical NSAIDS on macular changes .

Diabetic patients pose a particular challenge because of the tendency for early formation of cataract in them and propensity to develop macular edema after cataract surgery. Macular edema (ME) is a major cause of vision loss after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes .

Macular edema is a common cause of unfavorable visual outcome after cataract surgery. Clinically significant cystoid macular edema (CSME) has a reported incidence of 1% to 2% after cataract surgery. Diabetes has been associated with an increased incidence of postoperative macular edema. The incidence of macular edema on optical coherence tomography (OCT) was 22% in diabetic eyes undergoing cataract surgery. The macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic patients could be caused by the cataract surgery or diabetes itself, but it might be hard to differentiate between these two causes .

The level of the preexisting diabetic retinopathy (DR), the presence of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) before the surgery, and duration and regulation of diabetes are all important indicators of postoperative CME . Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been established as a practical method for examining retinal architecture. OCT, with its noninvasive nature, has been proven to be an indispensable tool for diagnosing retinal pathologies, including cystoid macular edema (CME). Many studies have reported incidences of CME and macular thickness changes, determined by OCT following uneventful cataract surgeries .Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are widely used and studied by cataract surgeons for varied benefits in the perioperative and postoperative period. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a class of medications that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes from producing pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, have multiple indications in the perioperative period including pain control, reducing inflammation, improving intraocular mydriasis, and preventing postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) .Cataract surgeons often use NSAIDs postoperatively to control patient pain, inflammation, and prevent CME, the most prevalent complication affecting postoperative visual recovery .

Inclusion Criteria:

Controlled type 2 non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients. Immature cataract which does not interfere with ocular imaging.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient with dense cataract or vitreous hemorrhage interfering with measurement of central macular thickness Chronic uveitis Any posterior segment pathology that could affect retinal thickness Patient with complicated cataract surgery.

preoperatively ,Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs was used for prophylaxis before surgery at the postoperative week 1 we gave the same medication to this group