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Catheter-related bladder discomfort after transurethral resection of bladder tumor is frequent because of indwelling urinary catheter for irrigation. The mechanism of the catheter-related bladder discomfort is similar to that of overactive bladder, in which muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are stimulated. The catheter-related bladder discomfort is a well known predisposing factor for emergence delirium after general anesthesia. In this study, we aimed to compare the incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort between dexmedetomidine only therapy and combind dexmedetomidine and glycopyrrolate therapy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dexmedetomidine only | Active Comparator | dexmedetomidine is administered during the surgery |
|
| Combined dexmedetomidine and glycopyrrolate | Experimental | glycopyrrolate and dexmedetomidine are administered during the surgery |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycopyrrolate + dexmedetomidine | Drug | Intravenous glycopyrrolate before anesthetic induction. Dexmedetomidine administration during the surgery. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort | No = not complaining of bladder discomfort on asking; Mild = report discomfot only on questioning; Moderate: report without questioning without behavior responses; Severe = report without questioniing accompanied by behavior responses. Mild, Moderate, Severe bladder discomfort is defined to have catheter-related bladder discomfort | 0 minute after entering the post-anesthetic care unit |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Emergence agitation | (1)calm (2)slightly agitated but consolable (3)moderately agitated and inconsolable (4)severely agitated and highly inconsolable | 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit |
| Delirium |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D053201 | Urinary Bladder, Overactive |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001745 | Urinary Bladder Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006024 | Glycopyrrolate |
| D020927 | Dexmedetomidine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000644 | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D009861 | Onium Compounds |
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| Dexmedetomidine | Drug | Dexmedetomidine administration during the surgery. |
|
(1)acute and fluctuating changes in mental status (2)inattention (3)disorganized or incoherent thinking (4)altered level of consciousness. (1),(2) and (3), (1),(2), and (4), or (1)(2)(3)and (4) are defined to have deilrium.
| 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit |
| Postoperative pain | numerical rating scale (0=no pain to 10=worst pain imaginable) | 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit |
| Sedation score | (1)anxious, agitated or restless (2)cooperative, oriented and trranquil (3)responds to commands, asleep (4)brisk response to light glabellar taps or oud noise (5)sluggish response to light glabellar taps or loud noise (6)noresponse | 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit |
| Dry mouth | yes or no | 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit |
| postoperative nausea and vomiting | yes or no | 0 minute, 30 minute, and 6 hours after entering the post-anesthetic care unit |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D059411 | Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms |
| D020924 | Urological Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D011759 |
| Pyrrolidines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |