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Our primary aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a teacher training programme to teach mindfulness as part of regular classroom teaching in the total population of students in Danish upper secondary schools and schools of health and social care, respectively, on students' self-reported mental health at six-month follow-up.
Our secondary aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the teacher training programme to teach mindfulness in a vulnerable subgroup of students on their self-reported mental health at three and six months after baseline.
The study is designed as a pragmatic cluster randomised two-arm trial including 43 Danish schools (30 upper secondary schools and 13 schools of health and social care). The schools included a total of 76 school teachers for teacher training (44 teachers from upper secondary schools and 32 teachers from schools of health and social care). Each included teacher will be asked to recruit a class of students (15-30 students) to test the effectiveness of the modified MBSR programme (in total approx. 1.000 students).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| School teacher training | Experimental | Teacher training programme:
Modified MBSR programme delivered to the students: - 1hour group session once a week in 10 weeks taught by the educated teachers on class |
|
| Usual practice | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modified MBSR programme | Behavioral | 1 hour group session once a week in 10 weeks |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) - The short version | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) - The short version | Change in the score among the total study population | Three months after baseline |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) - The youth self-report version |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lise Juul, PhD | Danish Center for Mindfulness | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danish Center for Mindfulness | Aarhus | Brabrand | 8220 | Denmark |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40789917 | Derived | Juul L, Frydenberg M, Bonde EH, Beck MS, Goetzsche K, Bruggisser S, Fjorback LO. Introducing a mindfulness-based intervention in school curriculum to 16-24-year-olds. A nationwide cluster-randomized trial. Npj Ment Health Res. 2025 Aug 11;4(1):37. doi: 10.1038/s44184-025-00150-w. | |
| 36609335 | Derived | Beck MS, Juul L, Frydenberg M, Fjorback LO. On Top of Everything: a study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial testing a teacher training programme to teach mindfulness among students in Danish upper secondary schools and schools of health and social care. Trials. 2023 Jan 6;24(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06920-7. |
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Individual deidentified participant data will be shared by reasonable request, following publication of planned papers.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Change in the score among the total study population
| Three months after baseline |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) - The youth self-report version | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |
| Perseived Stress Scale | Change in the score among the total study population | Three months after baseline |
| Perseived Stress Scale | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) - The short form version | Change in the score among the total study population | Three months after baseline |
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) - The short form version | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |
| Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) | Change in the score among the total study population | Three months after baseline |
| Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |
| Three-Item Loneliness Scale (T-ILS) | Change in the score among the total study population | Three months after baseline |
| Three-Item Loneliness Scale (T-ILS) | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |
| Experiences Questionnaire (EQ) - Decentering subscale | Change in the score among the total study population | Three months after baseline |
| Experiences Questionnaire (EQ) - Decentering subscale | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |
| EQ-5D | Change in the score among the total study population | Three months after baseline |
| EQ-5D | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |
| Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire - Modified version | Change in the score among the total study population | Three months after baseline |
| Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire - Modified version | Change in the score among the total study population | Six months after baseline |