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This prospective observational study aimed to obtain ultrasound images for ultrasound-assisted paramedian spinal anesthesia and identify the differences according to sidedness of approach, position and age.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 ≤ age ≤ 40 | 18 ≤ age ≤ 40 | ||
| age ≥ 60 | age ≥ 60 |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Ultrasonic visualization grading at left L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace and right L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace in lateral decubitus position and sitting position |
| Preanesthesia |
| Distance between the midline and the expected location of needle insertion | Distance between the midline of the vertebrae and the expected location of needle insertion at left L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace and right L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace in lateral decubitus position and sitting position | Preanesthesia |
| Height of LFD through interlaminar space | Height of LFD through interlaminar space visible in ultrasound image at left L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace and right L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace in lateral decubitus position and sitting position | Preanesthesia |
| Depth from skin to LFD | The depth from skin to LFD at left L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace and right L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace in lateral decubitus position and sitting position | Preanesthesia |
| Depth from skin to PLL | The depth from skin to PLL at left L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace and right L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace in lateral decubitus position and sitting position | Preanesthesia |
| Width of the intrathecal space | The distance between the LFD and the PLL at left L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace and right L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1 interspace in lateral decubitus position and sitting position |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients under 40 orover 60 years of age who require spinal anesthesia for orthopedic surgery, with ASA physical status classification system I, II, III
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jin-Tae Kim Kim, MD, PhD | Seoul National University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul national university hospital | Seoul | 03080 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21572316 | Background | Chin KJ, Perlas A, Chan V, Brown-Shreves D, Koshkin A, Vaishnav V. Ultrasound imaging facilitates spinal anesthesia in adults with difficult surface anatomic landmarks. Anesthesiology. 2011 Jul;115(1):94-101. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31821a8ad4. | |
| 31690644 | Derived | Bae J, Park SK, Yoo S, Lim YJ, Kim JT. Influence of age, laterality, patient position, and spinal level on the interlamina space for spinal puncture. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Nov 4:rapm-2019-100980. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2019-100980. Online ahead of print. |
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| Preanesthesia |