The control group was in the facility for all jump rope exercise sessions but did not participate in the exercise intervention.

The experimental group performed the jump rope exercise intervention.

Each jump rope exercise session of the program was performed for 50 minute, with a 5 minute warm-up and cool-down. Sessions were performed once a day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool-down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased form 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Ever subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity.

Body fat percentage was measured to the nearest 0.1%.

Blood pressure was measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer. The average of the was recorded as the resting blood pressure. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded.

Body mass was measured to nearest 0.1kg.

Height was measured to the nearest 1 cm.

Waist circumference as measured at midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest at the end of a normal expiration using a tap measure.

Lean body mass (kg) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.

Blood glucose concentrations were assessed with a glucose reagent kit.

Serum insulin was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.