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The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on blood pressure, arterial stiffness, vasodilating and vasoconstricting factors, inflammatory markers, and body composition in prehypertensive adolescent girls. Forty prehypertensive adolescent girls participated in this study. The girls were randomly divided into the jump rope exercise intervention group (EX, n=20) and control group (CON, n=20). The EX group performed a jump rope training program at 40-70% of their heart rate reserve (HRR) 5 days/week for 12 weeks (sessions 50 minutes in duration). The CON group did not participate in any structured or unstructured exercise protocol. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, plasma nitrate/nitrite levels, endothelin-1, C-reactive protein, and body composition were measured before and after the 12-weeks study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | No Intervention | No exercise intervention | |
| Jump rope exercise intervention | Experimental | The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jump rope exercise intervention | Other | 12-week jump rope exercise program |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Arterial Stiffness | Arterial stiffness was measured as measurement of brachial to ankle pulse-wave velocity. This indicates peripheral arterial stiffness, as it measures how quickly a pulse wave propagates from one point to another. | 12 weeks |
| Endothelin-1 | Levels of Endothelin-1 in blood were measured by Endothelin-1 enzyme immunoassay kit. | 12 weeks |
| Body Mass | Body mass was measured to nearest 0.1 kg. | 12 weeks |
| Height | Height was measured to nearest 1 cm. | 12 weeks |
| Waist Circumference | Waist circumference was measured at midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest at the end of a normal expiration using a tape measure. | 12 weeks |
| Body Fat | Percent body fat (%) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter. | 12 weeks |
| Lean Body Mass | Lean body mass (kg) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter. | 12 weeks |
| Nitrate/Nitrite Levels | Nitrate and nitrite levels were assayed using a Griess assay kit. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Control Group | No exercise intervention |
| FG001 | Jump Rope Exercise Intervention | The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Control Group | No exercise intervention |
| BG001 | Jump Rope Exercise Intervention | The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Arterial Stiffness | Arterial stiffness was measured as measurement of brachial to ankle pulse-wave velocity. This indicates peripheral arterial stiffness, as it measures how quickly a pulse wave propagates from one point to another. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | m/s | 12 weeks |
|
6 months
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Control Group | No exercise intervention | 0 |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Song-Young Park | The University of Nebraska at Omaha | 402-554-3374 | song-youngpark@unomaha.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Mar 25, 2019 | Jul 3, 2019 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D058246 | Prehypertension |
| D056128 | Obesity, Abdominal |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
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exercise intervention group, control group
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| 12 weeks |
| C-reactive Protein | C-reactive protein was assessed using an enzyme immunoassay assay kit | 12 weeks |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Blood pressure was measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer. The average of the two was recorded as the resting blood pressure. | 12 weeks |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | 12 weeks |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Arterial stiffness | Mean | Standard Deviation | m/s |
|
| Endothelin-1 | Mean | Standard Deviation | umol/mL |
|
| Body mass | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg |
|
| Height | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm |
|
| Waist circumference | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm |
|
| Body Fat | Mean | Standard Deviation | percent |
|
| Lean Body Mass | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg |
|
| Nitrate/Nitrite Levels | Mean | Standard Deviation | umol |
|
| C-reactive protein | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/L |
|
| Systolic blood pressure | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg |
|
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg |
|
|
|
| Primary | Endothelin-1 | Levels of Endothelin-1 in blood were measured by Endothelin-1 enzyme immunoassay kit. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | umol/mL | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Body Mass | Body mass was measured to nearest 0.1 kg. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms (kg) | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Height | Height was measured to nearest 1 cm. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Waist Circumference | Waist circumference was measured at midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest at the end of a normal expiration using a tape measure. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Body Fat | Percent body fat (%) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percent | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Lean Body Mass | Lean body mass (kg) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms (kg) | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Nitrate/Nitrite Levels | Nitrate and nitrite levels were assayed using a Griess assay kit. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | umol | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | C-reactive Protein | C-reactive protein was assessed using an enzyme immunoassay assay kit | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/L | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Systolic Blood Pressure | Blood pressure was measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer. The average of the two was recorded as the resting blood pressure. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| Primary | Diastolic Blood Pressure | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
| 20 |
| 0 |
| 20 |
| 0 |
| 20 |
| EG001 | Jump Rope Exercise Intervention | The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 |
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| D009748 |
| Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |