High fat diets are associated with impaired endothelial function and increased cardiovascular disease risk amongst our population. These negative effects are likely caused by triglyceride induced suppression of nitric oxide, which is produced from the endothelium, and/or an increase in oxidative stress.

Interestingly, previous studies have found that some beverages that are high in polyphenols and antioxidants may suppress the impairment in endothelial function observed following high fat meals/diets. Typically, these studies have investigated the ingestion of red wine, orange juice or green tea on outcome measures (typically flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery). Despite this previous research, no study has compared the effects of different beverages on endothelial outcomes following a high-fat meal within the same participants.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Females to be postmenopausal and not on hormone replacement therapy
• 25 > BMI < 35
• Sedentary to light activity lifestyle.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of cardiovascular disease (Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, endothelial issues etc).
• History of diabetes (Type 1 or type 2)
• Vegan or with food allergies or intolerances.
• Taking any antioxidants over the counter (Vit C, E or polyphenol supplements)
• Taking prescription medication for hypertension.