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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Department of Health, United Kingdom | OTHER_GOV |
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women. Premenopausal women have a lower risk of CVD compared with men of a similar age. However, the incidence of CVD increases greatly after the menopause. The risk of heart disease is strongly associated with the health of an individual's blood vessels. It is thought that changes to the type of fat the investigators eat in their diet may affect the normal functioning and elasticity of the blood vessels, as well as affect cholesterol levels in the blood. Types of fat in the diet include monounsaturated fats (found mainly in olive oil), n-6 polyunsaturated fats (found mainly in sunflower oil) and saturated fats (found mainly in dairy products, such as butter and cheese). Since the investigators are in the fed (or postprandial) state for up to 18 hours of the day, it is important to see how these different fats affect the investigators blood vessels and blood fats over the course of the day after eating a meal. The aim of this study is to determine how consuming meals rich in saturated fats, n-6 polyunsaturated fats or monounsaturated fats influence the normal functioning and elasticity of the blood vessels throughout the day in postmenopausal women. A secondary aim is to determine the effects of these different dietary fats on a range of accepted heart disease risk markers including circulating levels of fats (lipids) and glucose in the blood.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meal rich in saturated fats | Active Comparator | Subjects are asked to consume a breakfast (0 min) and lunch (330 min) rich in saturated fats |
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| Meal rich in monounsaturated fats | Experimental | Subjects are asked to consume a breakfast (0 min) and lunch (330 min) rich in monounsaturated fats |
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| Meal rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats | Experimental | Subjects are asked to consume a breakfast (0 min) and lunch (330 min) rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturated fat | Dietary Supplement |
|
| |
| Monounsaturated fat |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in vascular reactivity measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) | Acute study: measured at 0 (baseline), 180, 300 and 420 min |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in vascular reactivity measured by laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis of acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent) | Acute study: measured at 0 (baseline), 240 and 450 min | |
| Change from baseline in plasma lipids (primarily triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B and non-esterified fatty acids) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Julie A Lovegrove, BSc PhD RNutr | University of Reading | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Reading | Reading | Berkshire | RG6 6AP | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33693945 | Derived | Rathnayake KM, Weech M, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Glu298Asp (rs1799983) Polymorphism Influences Postprandial Vascular Reactivity and the Insulin Response to Meals of Varying Fat Composition in Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the Randomized, Controlled Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS)-2 Study. J Nutr. 2021 Apr 8;151(4):848-856. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa394. | |
| 29546297 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005227 | Fatty Acids |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008055 | Lipids |
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| Dietary Supplement |
|
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| n-6 polyunsaturated fat | Dietary Supplement |
|
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| Acute study: taken at 30 min intervals between 0 min (baseline) and 480 min |
| Change from baseline in arterial stiffness measured by digital volume pulse (stiffness index and reflection index) | Acute study: taken at 0 (baseline), 240 amd 450 min |
| Change from baseline in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure) | Acute study: taken at 0 (baseline), 240 and 450 min |
| Change from baseline in markers of insulin resistance (glucose, insulin, indices of insulin resistance/sensitivity) | Acute study: taken at 30 min intervals between 0 min (baseline) and 480 min |
| Change from baseline in nitric oxide (total plasma nitrates and nitrites) | Acute study: 0 (baseline), 180, 300 and 420 min |
| Change from baseline in plasma markers of endothelial activation (e.g. E-selectin, P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1)) | Acute study: 0 (baseline), 180, 300 and 420 min |
| Change from baseline in plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition | Acute study: 0 (baseline), 180, 300 and 420 min |
| Derived |
| Rathnayake KM, Weech M, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA. Meal Fatty Acids Have Differential Effects on Postprandial Blood Pressure and Biomarkers of Endothelial Function but Not Vascular Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women in the Randomized Controlled Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS)-2 Study. J Nutr. 2018 Mar 1;148(3):348-357. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxx042. |