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This study will investigate the effect of a 7-day westernised high-fat (65% of kilocalories), high-calorie (150% of requirements) diet on markers of inflammation in the blood and white adipose tissue. Participants will firstly complete a 3-day weight maintenance phase (Days 1-3) before completing a 7-day high fat diet intervention (Days 4-10). On days 4 and 11 participants will complete a laboratory visit where anthropometric measurements, blood and adipose samples will be collected.
The investigators hypothesise that consuming a high-fat, high-calorie diet for 7 days will alter the inflammatory responses in white adipose tissue and will induce metabolic endotoxaemia / systemic inflammation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High Fat Diet | Experimental | Participants will consume a high-fat, high-calorie diet for 7 days (i.e. westernised diet) following a 3-day weight maintenance diet. Measurements will be made pre- and post-high fat diet intervention. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Fat Diet | Other | Participants will consume a high fat diet for 7 days with 65% of energy from fat. The diet will also provide an energy excess at 150% of energy requirements. Participants will be provided with all of their meals and snacks throughout the study. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Protein expression (content and phosphorylation) of key markers of metabolic inflammation in white adipose tissue (for example assessment of NFKB/IKBa total protein and phosphorylation by western blot analysis) | This will be assessed following the collection of fasted white adipose tissue samples | Change between pre- and post-high fat diet (assessed on days 4 and 11) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Systemic Markers of Inflammation (for example CRP, TNFa and IL-6 concentrations, determined by spectrophotometric assay/ ELISA) | Assessed following the collection of fasted blood samples | Change between pre- and post-high fat diet (assessed on days 4 and 11) |
| Gene expression of key markers of metabolic inflammation in white adipose tissue |
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Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Oonagh Markey, BSc, PhD | Loughborough University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loughborough University | Loughborough | Leicestershire | LE11 3TU | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32232380 | Derived | Dewhurst-Trigg R, Wadley AJ, Woods RM, Sherar LB, Bishop NC, Hulston CJ, Markey O. Short-term High-fat Overfeeding Does Not Induce NF-kappaB Inflammatory Signaling in Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jul 1;105(7):dgaa158. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa158. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059305 | Diet, High-Fat |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004032 | Diet |
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
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This will be assessed following the collection of fasted white adipose tissue samples |
| Change between pre- and post-high fat diet (assessed on days 4 and 11) |
| Fasting Serum Markers of Insulin Resistance (for example insulin and glucose concentrations, determined using an ELISA/ spectrophotometric assay) | Assessed following the collection of fasted blood samples | Change between pre- and post-high fat diet (assessed on days 4 and 11) |
| Fasting Serum Lipid Profile (for example total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, TAG and NEFA concentrations, measured using a spectrophotometric assay) | Assessed following the collection of fasted blood samples | Change between pre- and post-high fat diet (assessed on days 4 and 11) |
| Systemic Markers of Metabolic Endotoxemia (for example LBP and sCD14 concentrations, determined using an ELISA) | Assessed following the collection of fasted blood samples | Change between pre- and post-high fat diet (assessed on days 4 and 11) |
| Immune Cell Populations in the Blood | Assessed following the collection of fasted blood samples | Change between pre- and post-high fat diet (assessed on days 4 and 11) |
| Anthropometric Measurements (for example height and weight that will be aggregated to report BMI in kg/m^2) | Measured using standard equipment | Change between pre- and post-high fat diet (assessed on days 4 and 11) |
| Physical Activity | Assessed using Actigraph accelerometers | Habitual physical activity will be assessed for 3 days prior to commencing the high-fat diet intervention (days 1-3) and during the final 3 days of the intervention (days 8-10) |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |