The Effects of Intake of Protein From Cod Fillet and Cod Residual Material on Lipid Regulation, Glucose Regulation and Inflammation in Overweight or Obese Adults.

The Effects of a Daily Intake of Protein From Cod Fillet and Cod Residual Material for 8 Weeks on Serum Lipids and Fatty Acids, Glucose Regulation and Inflammation Markers in Overweight or Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A high intake of fish is associated with positive health effects, including prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes. These health effects have traditionally been attributed to the omega-3 fatty acids in fatty fish, but recent studies have suggested that also fish proteins may improve biomarkers of metabolic disease. Intake of cod fillet have previously shown beneficial effects on blood lipids, glucose regulation and body composition in adults with overweight or obesity. Health effect of cod residual material from fillet production (i.e., head, backbone, skin, cutoffs and entrails) have so far not been investigated, but residuals from other fish species have shown promising effects on glucose regulation in rats. The main aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of protein from cod fillet and cod residuals on serum lipids, glucose regulation and inflammatory markers in healthy overweight or obese adults.

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2
• Fasting blood glucose ≤7 mmol/L
• Physically inactive
• Percent body fat > 25 % for men and > 35 % for women

Exclusion Criteria:

• Allergies towards fish, milk, egg, gluten
• Tobacco use > 10 cigarettes (or snus) per day
• Diseases affecting the heart, intestinal function, kidney function or insulin secretion
• Medications targeting cholesterol -or glucose metabolism, hypertension
• Use of dietary supplements
• Pregnancy or lactation