Participants will receive between 400 to 800 grams of mixed berries daily, as a proportion of their daily caloric intake added to their base diet. The base diet will be prepared using traditional American foods with a macronutrient composition representative of a typical American diet.

Participants will receive between 400 to 800 grams of strawberry jello daily, as a proportion of their daily caloric intake added to their base diet. The jello will be matched to the mixed berries in both total carbohydrate level and gram quantity. The base diet will be prepared using traditional American foods with a macronutrient composition representative of a typical American diet.

Participants will receive between 400 to 800 grams of fiber enriched strawberry jello daily, as a proportion of their daily caloric intake added to their base diet. The jello will be matched to the mixed berries in both total carbohydrate level and fiber content, and in the same gram quantity. The base diet will be prepared using traditional American foods with a macronutrient composition representative of a typical American diet.

Participants will receive 1 liter per day of low fiber mixed berry juice added to their base diet. The juice will be squeezed from the mixed berries, then filtered. The sugar level of the juice will match that of the mixed berries. The base diet will be prepared using traditional American foods with a macronutrient composition representative of a typical American diet.

Mixed Berry Treatment

Subjects will undergo a meal-based glucose tolerance test; blood samples will be analyzed for glucose in mmol/L.

Subjects will undergo a meal-based glucose tolerance test; blood samples will be analyzed for glucose in mmol/L.

Subjects will undergo a meal-based glucose tolerance test; blood samples will be analyzed for glucose in mmol/L.

Subjects will undergo a meal-based glucose tolerance test; blood samples will be analyzed for glucose in mmol/L.

Subjects will undergo a meal-based glucose tolerance test; blood samples will be analyzed for insulin in units of microIU/mL.

Subjects will undergo a meal-based glucose tolerance test; blood samples will be analyzed for non-esterified fatty acids in mmol/L.

Blood metabolomics profiling will be conducted by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography / time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Selected intensity of biochemicals in blood with mass ranging from 50 to 800 molecular weight will be assessed.