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Gut hormones have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Rodent evidence suggests that calcium may potentiate the effects of protein ingestion on gut hormone secretion. Evidence in humans however, is lacking. This study aims to assess whether the addition of calcium to protein ingestion augments postprandial gut hormone availability in humans.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whey protein hydrolysate | Active Comparator | Whey protein hydrolysate (50 g) will be consumed by participants in the morning between 8-10 am after 8-14 h fasting. Blood samples, appetite scales and expired breath samples will be taken in a regular intervals for 2 h after ingestion. |
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| Whey protein hydrolysate plus milk mineral supplement | Experimental | Milk mineral supplement (equating to 1000 mg calcium) plus whey protein hydrolysate (50 g) will be consumed by participants in the morning between 8-10 am after 8-14 h fasting. Blood samples, appetite scales and expired breath samples will be taken in a regular intervals for 2 h after ingestion. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milk Mineral Supplement | Dietary Supplement | Milk Minerals containing 1000 mg calcium |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial plasma GLP-1 area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min). | Postprandial plasma GLP-1 area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min). | 120 min |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial plasma GIP area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) | Postprandial plasma GIP area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) | 120 min |
| Postprandial plasma PYY area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department for Health, University of Bath | Bath | BA2 7AY | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31531707 | Derived | Chen YC, Smith HA, Hengist A, Chrzanowski-Smith OJ, Mikkelsen UR, Carroll HA, Betts JA, Thompson D, Saunders J, Gonzalez JT. Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with milk minerals rich in calcium potently stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: an RCT in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr. 2020 Sep;59(6):2449-2462. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02092-4. Epub 2019 Sep 17. |
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Anonymised data will be shared with publication
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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Randomised, double-blind crossover
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| Whey Protein Hydrolysate | Dietary Supplement | 50 g whey protein hydrolysate |
|
Postprandial plasma PYY area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min)
| 120 min |
| Subjective ratings of appetite (au) | Subjective ratings of appetite (au) | 120 min |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |