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Pinhole glasses which is using pinhole effect may induce a functional change on the eyes, including Distance and near visual acuity(DVA, NVA), Pupil size, DOF, Accomodative amplitude, CS, Visual field(VF), Stereopsis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pinhole glasses | Experimental | All subjects perform ophthalmic examinations before and after the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phinhole glasses | Device | Wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Distance and near visual acuity(DVA, NVA) | Check distance(4m) and near(40cm) visual acuity using Snellen chart, Visual Acuity chart 2000, respectively. At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pupil size | Check the pupil size using WASCA Analyzer(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) | Change from baseline at 1 week |
| Depth of focus | Check with 4m Snellen chart. At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| WonSoo Kim, M.D. | Ophthalmology, Chung Ang University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital | Seoul | Seoul | 156-755 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25118263 | Derived | Kim WS, Park IK, Chun YS. Quantitative analysis of functional changes caused by pinhole glasses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Aug 12;55(10):6679-85. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14801. |
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| Change from baseline at 1 week |
| Accomodation | check by Donder's push-up method. The subject was instructed to view the target letter (20/20 reduced Snellen number), which initially was positioned at approximately 40 cm. The target then was moved progressively closer to the patient's eye at approximately 5 cm per second until the subject noticed the target starting to blur. At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week |
| Visual field | Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) using a 30-2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week |
| Contrast sensitivity | CSV-1000E Contrast Testing Instrument (VectorVision, Dayton, OH, USA) at 2.5m distance under the standard brightness (85 cd/m2) At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week |
| Stereopsis | Randot Stereotest (Stereo Optical Co, Chicago, Illinois, USA) At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week |