Impact of Fluid Milk on Post-meal Glycemia and Insulinemia in Overwt/Obese Adults

Impact of Fluid Milk on Post-meal Glycemia and Insulinemia in Overweight/Obese Adults With Normal or Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Type 2 Diabetes

Blood sugar and insulin levels after a meal may be altered by the food and beverages a person consumes. Keeping a healthy blood sugar level may help prevent and manage type 2 diabetes and related diseases. This study will look at how drinking different common beverages (milk, low-fat milk, nonfat milk, orange juice, coffee, and water) with a meal changes blood sugar and insulin levels.

The broad aim of the proposed research is to evaluate the effects of consuming milk and non-milk beverages with a breakfast meal on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in overweight and obese adults with varying levels of glucose tolerance (normal, pre-diabetic, type 2 diabetes). The investigators expect the consumption of fluid milk with breakfast to decrease the postprandial glucose response relative to other non-milk beverages (orange juice and sweetened coffee). Furthermore, the investigators expect that there will be no difference in the postprandial glucose or insulin response between varieties of fluid milk (skim, low-fat, and whole).

Inclusion Criteria:

• 35-65 years old,
• BMI between 27-40 kg/m2,
• HbA1C less than 7.5%,
• weight stable (± 4.5 kg) for the previous 3 months
• willing to consume study foods and beverages.

Exclusion Criteria:

• using exogenous insulin,
• currently (or within the past 6 months) following a vigorous exercise regimen, or weight loss program,
• acute illness,
• smoking,
• pregnant or planning pregnancy in the next 3 months,
• lactose intolerant,
• weight changes of greater than ± 3 kg during the study period