Effect of Snacks on Appetite Control

A Randomized, Controlled, Cross-over Study of the Effect of Snacks on Appetite Control

This clinical trial is being conducted to study whether eating certain snacks will reduce your desire to eat and for a longer period of time compared to other snacks. The investigators are testing 2 different snacks. Study #1 will involve eating 2 different seed-like snacks or water. Study #2 will involve eating pita bread with jam, bread with jam or water. The test snack is higher in protein and/or fibre compared to the reference product.

Healthy adults will be recruited to participate in a randomized, controlled, crossover study to investigate whether or not eating snacks made with buckwheat would increase satiety and reduce their energy intake when compared to a comparable snack. Water was included as a non-caloric control. The study consisted of 3 visits and participants would receive a different treatment at each visit. Visits were scheduled at least 7 days apart. Visual analog scales will be used to assess appetite related sensations at 7 time points, fasting, 30 minutes after consuming the snack and then at 30 minute intervals for 180 minutes. Participants will be provided with a lunch and the amount of food consumed will be weighed. I addition, participants will be asked to maintain a food record for the remainder of the day.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index 18-30kg/m2
• males and non-pregnant or non-lactating females

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of disease by a medical doctor that requires medical treatment during the study period.
• Daily tobacco use.
• Physical Activity Level >1.8.
• Eat meals at irregular or unusual times.
• Food allergy, aversion or unwillingness to eat study foods.
• Use of any prescription or non-prescription drug, herbal or nutritional supplement known to affect appetite.
• Presence of a gastrointestinal disorder.
• Score >65% on any 1 of the 3 categories of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18.