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The effect of Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) or inactivity on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism is unclear. Research recently published shows that activities associated with everyday activities, summarized as NEAT, such as walking and standing, have a much greater role in energy expenditure than exercise. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of 4 days of inactivity (mainly sitting), 4 days of everyday activities (sitting, walking and standing), and 4 days of inactivity and exercise (sitting and biking) on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity using an oral glucose tolerance test, and on lipid metabolism in sedentary, overweight people. The investigators hypothesize that:
To evaluate the effect of Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) on glucose and lipid metabolism in sedentary, overweight people, the subjects included in the study protocol will follow 3 times a certain activity program of 4 days. These activity programs are:
The subjects will be biking using a home trainer, measuring energy expenditure, and supervised by one of the members of the research team. They will bike until they have reached a certain amount of kCal. The subjects will wear two accelerometers during all 3 activity programs to evaluate the amount of each activity (sitting, walking, standing, laying/sleeping). The Computer Science and Applications (CSA) Actigraph accelerometer will be placed on the back and the Continuous Activity Monitor (CAM) Maastricht instrument on the leg. Furthermore, the subjects will be requested to note their activities and dietary intake in a diary. After every 4 days of each activity program, an oral glucose tolerance test will be performed in the morning (fasting state) of the next day (day 5). Before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after ingestion of 75 gram of glucose in water, blood will be drawn for measurements of glucose and insulin. Only at baseline (t=0 minutes), blood will be drawn to measure cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, apoA and apoB.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inactivity | No Intervention | 4 days of inactivity, mainly sitting | |
| NEAT | Active Comparator | 4 days of NEAT (everyday activities) |
|
| Exercise | Active Comparator | 4 days of inactivity combined with 1 hour of exercise |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEAT | Behavioral | 4 days of everyday activities, including 4 hours of walking, 8 hours of sitting, 2 hours of standing, 2 hours of everyday activities and 8 hours of sleeping or laying down per day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in insulin sensitivity after 4 days of NEAT compared to 4 days of inactivity and compared to 4 days of exercise | Change in insulin sensitivity measured using oral glucose tolerance test | day 5 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in fasting triglycerides after 4 days of NEAT compared to 4 days of inactivity and compared to 4 days of exercise | 5 day |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nicolaas C Schaper, Prof., MD | Maastricht University Medical Center/ University of Maastricht | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maastricht University Medical Center/ University of Maastricht | Maastricht | 6202 AZ | Netherlands |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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| Exercise | Behavioral | 4 days of activity program, including 1 hour biking (exercise), 13 hours of sitting, 2 hours of everyday activities and 8 hours of sleeping or laying down per day |
|
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |