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Physical inactivity is a significant predictor of major non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes (7%), cardiovascular disease (6%), musculoskeletal disorders and some cancers, and has been proposed to be the 4th leading cause of death worldwide. Reduced physical activity leads to an impaired function of the hormone insulin and increased adiposity. Thus, the elimination of physical inactivity would remove between 6% and 10% of the major non-communicable diseases and increase life expectancy. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of a short-term (2-day) period of reduced physical activity, with and without a proportional decrease in energy intake, on the action of insulin to regulate blood sugar fluctuations, appetite, and cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood flow, arterial blood pressure, peripheral vascular resistance) in response to food ingestion.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Other | 2 consecutive days of standardised daily levels of moderate physical activity (PAL=1.85 reflecting their habitual levels), and matched energy (food) intake |
|
| SIT+E | Experimental | 2 consecutive days of reduced physical activity induced by prolonged periods of sitting (PAL=1.4) whilst maintaining the level of food intake prescribed in the Control trial, thus creating a positive energy balance |
|
| SIT=E | Experimental | 2 consecutive days of reduced physical activity induced by prolonged periods of sitting (PAL=1.4) whilst reducing food intake to match the reduction in energy expenditure induced by inactivity, thus maintaining energy balance |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Other | Normal physical activity and standard energy intake |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The incremental area under curve for Insulin | The incremental area under curve for Insulin will be calculated using samples collected at 20 minute intervals between baseline and three hours | Over three hours from baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The incremental area under curve for arterialized whole blood glucose | The incremental area under curve for arterialized whole blood glucose will be calculated using samples collected at 10 minute intervals between baseline and four hours | Over four hours from baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The incremental area under curve for free fatty acids | The incremental area under curve for free fatty acids will be calculated using samples collected at 20 minute intervals between baseline and three hours | Over three hours from baseline |
| The incremental area under curve for Triglycerides |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Nottingham | Nottingham | United Kingdom |
only anonymised individual personal data will be shared, upon specific request from other researchers, for example, in order to undertake a meta analysis
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057185 | Sedentary Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| SIT+E |
| Other |
Reduced physical activity and standard energy intake |
|
| SIT=E | Other | Reduced physical activity and reduced energy intake |
|
The incremental area under curve for Triglycerides will be calculated using samples collected at 20 minute intervals between baseline and three hours |
| Over three hours from baseline |
| The incremental area under curve for Ghrelin | The incremental area under curve for Ghrelin will be calculated using samples collected at one hour intervals between baseline and four hours | Over four hours from baseline |
| The incremental area under curve for composite satiety score | Composite satiety score will be calculated using 100mm visual analogue score ratings of satiety, fullness, hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption collected every 20 minutes between baseline and four hours. | Over four hours from baseline |
| Weight of consumption of a pasta meal three hours after baseline | Weight of pasta consumed from a bowel refilled prior to being empty until participants feel comfortably full | Three hours post baseline |
| The incremental area under curve for cardiovascular parameters | The incremental area under curve for mean blood pressure,cardiac output, stroke volume, peripheral resistance, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure continuously over three hours from baseline using Finometer | Over three hours from baseline |
| The incremental area under curve for limb blood flow | The incremental area under curve for limb blood flow measured at 30 minute intervals between baseline and three hours using venous occlusion plethysmography | Over three hours from baseline |