The Effect of Intravenous (IV) Patient Controlled Analgesic (PCA) With Ketorolac or Fentanyl Combined With Caudal Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Small Children Undergoing Intravesical Ureteroneocystostomy

The Effect of IV PCA With Ketorolac or Fentanyl Combined With Caudal Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Small Children Undergoing Intravesical Ureteroneocystostomy

The effect of IV PCA with ketorolac or fentanyl combined with caudal block for postoperative analgesia in small children undergoing intravesical ureteroneocystostomy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pediatric patients scheduled for elective ureteroneocystostomy were enrolled.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of allergy to aspirin or NSAIDs
• Peptic ulcer disease, and renal function impairment.
• And local infection foci on back, spinal anomalies
• Infectious diseases
• Neurologic disorders
• Seizures and coagulopathies were excluded for sacral epidural block.