Satiety Response After Mixed Fiber Doses

Effect of Four Doses of Mixed Fiber on Satiety, Food Intake, Glucose, Insulin, and Gut Hormone Release

People who eat more dietary fiber have a lower body weight than people who eat less fiber. Potential mechanisms include greater feelings of satiety, reductions in food intake, changes in blood glucose, insulin, or gut hormones.

The investigators hypothesize that increasing doses of mixed fiber will influence satiety response, food intake, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY 3-36, in a dose-dependent manner, when given to subjects in muffins for breakfast.

Inclusion Criteria:

• English speaking
• healthy men and women
• 18 and 65 years of age
• non-smoking
• not taking medications
• non-dieting (weight stable over last 3 months)
• BMI between 18 and 27
• able to give blood through an IV

Exclusion Criteria:

• irregular or erratic breakfast eating patterns
• food allergies to ingredients commonly found in muffins or pizza
• distaste for muffins or pizza
• BMI less than 18 or greater than 27
• weight change > 5 kg in last 3 months (intentional or unintentional)
• cardiovascular disease
• diabetes mellitus (fasting blood sugar > 126 mg/dl)
• cancer in prior 5 years (except basal cell carcinoma of skin)
• renal or hepatic disease
• Crohns disease
• ulcerative colitis
• any other gastrointestinal conditions that may affect digestion or absorption
• recent bacterial infection (< 3 months)
• chronic medication use
• history of drug or alcohol abuse in prior 6 months
• concurrent or recent intervention study participation
• vegetarians
• people who ate more than approximately 15 g of fiber per day
• pregnant or lactating women
• women with irregular menstrual cycles