This project aims to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of physical activity in promoting active aging among older adults. The researchers conducted two rounds of progressive randomized controlled intervention trials to verify the effects and mechanisms of a multimodal physical activity intervention on active aging from two dimensions: intervention structure and participation mode.

In Study 1, with a 12-week intervention period, participants were randomly assigned to three groups: a Tai Chi exercise group, a multimodal exercise group, and a daily activity control group. By comparing between-group differences, the study evaluated the effects of different exercise modalities on physical function and subjective active aging.

In Study 2, also with a 12-week intervention period, participants were randomly assigned to two multimodal exercise groups differing in participation mode: an in-person group-based format versus an online individual format. This study examined the moderating effects of different participation modes on both objective and subjective active aging outcomes, while keeping the multimodal physical activity intervention content identical.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 60 years or above;

Capable of engaging in regular physical activities and comprehending basic testing procedures and instructions.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe cardiac, pulmonary, or musculoskeletal disorders;

History of neurological or psychiatric conditions that may impair cognitive function (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, etc.);

Missing three or more scheduled intervention sessions during the study period, or requesting discontinuation of participation.