Dosage: a 2-hour session once a week for 12 weeks. Each multidomain intervention session includes 1 hour of combined physical (balance, strength and aerobic exercises) and cognitive (attention, memory, calculation, visual-spatial ability, processing speed and executive function) training and 1 hour of risk factor prevention (nutrition, chronic disease management, oral health, fall prevention and transportation safety, psychosocial factors and sleep) and healthy lifestyle development (Discussion and sharing on topics such as self-health management, goal setting, and the "health journal.")

The MoCA is used to assess general cognitive functions. It examines several cognitive domains with a total score of 30 and higher values indicate better cognitive functions. The MoCA has been shown to be a valid and promising tool to evaluate the global cognitive function in patients with stroke. The psychometric properties of MoCA are good to excellent for patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

The TUG assesses the dynamic balance ability and functional mobility. The participants will be required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The time to complete the TUG test has been shown to be a good indicator to detect potential fallers in frail elderly. The test-retest reliability of TUG on individuals with cognitive impairment is excellent.

Grip strength, a measure of body function, has been suggested as a biomarker of aging. The hand dynamometer is used to assess the upper limb strength of the participants. During the test, the participant's hand grips the handle with the second knuckle forming a right angle. The participant's elbow should be at a 90-degree angle, with their eyes looking straight ahead. The participant should squeeze the dynamometer tightly, ensuring it does not touch their body. GS assessment is a reliable and valid procedure among healthy participants as well as across various clinical populations.

Outcome Measure of Health-Promotion Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly covers five dimensions: cognition, muscle strength, functional ability, nutrition and oral health, and psychosocial aspects. Each dimension consists of four questions, totaling 20 questions. This evaluation is designed to assess multidomain intervention and is suitable for elderly individuals with varying levels of ability, including healthy, frail, those with mild cognitive impairment, or mild to moderate disability/dementia. After conversion, the total score of this scale ranges from 0 to 100. A higher post-test score compared to the pre-test score indicates greater effectiveness in implementing the health promotion program. The 20-item health-promotion program outcome measure is concise and has good reliability/ validity.